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. 2023 Jan 4;41(11):2029–2042. doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.02929

FIG 4.

FIG 4.

RPA of PFS and MTFS and corresponding Kaplan-Meier survival curves. (A) RPA identified three PFS risk groups on the basis of postoperative TV and LGG subtype. Group 1 patients (n = 29) had the worst PFS and included those patients with astrocytoma and residual tumor > 32.7 mL. Group 2 patients (n = 218) had better PFS and included the astrocytoma patients with residual tumor between 1.2 and 32.7 mL. Group 3 patients (n = 510) had the best PFS and included a combination of two subgroups: (1) all patients with oligodendroglioma and (2) astrocytoma patients with residual tumor ≤ 1.2 mL. (B) Kaplan-Meier curves for the three PFS risk groups identified in (A) (P < .001 by log-rank test). (C) RPA identified three MTFS risk groups on the basis of postoperative TV, LGG subtype, age at diagnosis, and preoperative TV. Group 1 patients (n = 143) were patients with astrocytoma age younger than 43 years with preoperative TV > 31.2 mL and residual TV > 0.14 mL and had the poorest MTFS. Group 2 patients (n = 275) had better MTFS and was the combination of three subgroups: (1) oligodendroglioma patients with residual TV > 9.75 mL, (2) patients with astrocytoma age older than 43 years with residual TV > 0.14 mL, and (3) patients with astrocytoma age younger than 43 years with preoperative TV ≤ 31.2 mL and residual TV > 0.14 mL. Group 3 patients (n = 339) had the best MTFS and included both (1) the astrocytoma patients with residual TV ≤ 0.14 mL and (2) oligodendroglioma patients with residual TV ≤ 9.75 mL. (D) Kaplan-Meier curves for the three MTFS risk groups identified in (C; P < .0001 by log-rank test). (E) Forest plot of HRs determined by propensity score analysis (UCSF + BWH + St Olavs). (F) The interactive effects of molecular (tumor), therapeutic, and patient factors indicates that EOR ≥ 75% confers a survival benefit. BWH, Brigham Women’s Hospital; EOR, extent of resection; HR, hazard ratio; LGG, low-grade glioma; OS, overall survival; MTFS, malignant transformation–free survival; NA, not available; PFS, progression-free survival; RPA, recursive partitioning analysis; St Olavs, St Olavs University Hospital; TV, tumor volume; UCSF, University of California, San Francisco.