Table 2. Psychological Parameters and Quality of Life in Response to Combined Lifestyle Intervention a.
| Variables | N | Max. Score | Baseline | Ten Weeks | 1.5 Years | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IWQoL-Lite (total) | 80 | 100 | 66.6 ± 15.3 | 73.9 ± 15.1 b | 78.6 ± 13.1 b, c | Higher score = higher life quality d |
| Physical functioning | 80 | 100 | 61.6 ± 20.0 | 71.2 ± 18.3 b | 75.6 ± 15.3 b, c | |
| Self-esteem | 80 | 100 | 55.1 ± 26.5 | 64.2 ± 23.8 b | 72.2 ± 22.4 b, c | |
| Sexual life | 65 | 100 | 75.0 (50.0 - 87.5) | 75.0 (56.3 - 100) e | 87.5 (68.8 - 100) b | |
| Public distress | 80 | 100 | 90.0 (70.0 - 95.0) | 90.0 (75.0 - 100) | 90.0 (75.0 - 100) e | |
| Work | 76 | 100 | 87.5 (75.0 - 100) | 93.8 (82.8 - 100) | 93.8 (75.0 - 100) | |
| SCL-90 (total) | 56 | 4 | 0.45 (0.19 - 0.69) | 0.31 (0.12 - 0.69) e | 0.31 (0.15 - 0.71) f | Higher score = more psychopathology g |
| Somatization | 70 | 4 | 0.50 (0.17 - 1.00) | 0.46 (0.17 - 0.86) | 0.42 (0.08 - 0.92) | |
| Obsessive-compulsive | 74 | 4 | 0.65 (0.20 - 1.00) | 0.50 (0.10 - 0.81) f | 0.50 (0.10 - 0.80) e | |
| Interpersonal sensitivity | 74 | 4 | 0.56 (0.22 - 1.00) | 0.44 (0.11 - 0.92) | 0.44 (0.19 - 0.89) | |
| Depression | 67 | 4 | 0.69 (0.31 - 1.30) | 0.54 (0.15 - 1.00) f | 0.46 (0.15 - 1.08) | |
| Anxiety | 72 | 4 | 0.20 (0.10 - 0.60) | 0.13 (0.00 - 0.40) | 0.20 (0.00 - 0.50) | |
| Hostility | 76 | 4 | 0.33 (0.17 - 0.63) | 0.17 (0.00 - 0.33) | 0.17 (0.00 - 0.50) f | |
| Phobic anxiety | 75 | 4 | 0.00 (0.00 - 0.29) | 0.00 (0.00 - 0.14) | 0.00 (0.00 - 0.14) | |
| Paranoid | 75 | 4 | 0.33 (0.00 - 0.67) | 0.17 (0.00 - 0.50) | 0.17 (0.00 - 0.50) f | |
| Psychoticism | 70 | 4 | 0.20 (0.00 - 0.40) | 0.10 (0.00 - 0.33) f | 0.10 (0.00 - 0.30) | |
| Additional | 75 | 4 | 0.71 (0.43 - 1.14) | 0.57 (0.14 - 0.86) b | 0.57 (0.29 - 1.10) f | |
| FNAES (total) | 25 | 30 | 17 ± 7 | 15 ± 7 f | 13 ± 6 e | Higher score = more fear of negative appearance h |
| HADS (total) i | 51 | 42 | 11 (8 - 18) | 8 (5 - 12) e | Higher score = more depression/anxiety j | |
| Depression | 51 | 21 | 5 (3 - 9) | 2 (1 - 5) e | ||
| Anxiety | 52 | 21 | 6 (4 - 8) | 5.5 (3.3 - 7) | ||
| PSS (total) k | 65 | 56 | 25.8 ± 7.3 | 23.4 ± 8.2 f | Higher score = more stress l | |
| RSE (total) | 71 | 40 | 30 ± 6 | 31 ± 6 | 32 ± 5 b | Higher score = more self-esteem m |
Abbreviations: Max. Score, maximum score possible; IWQoL-Lite, Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite; SCL-90, Symptom Checklist-90; FNAES, Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale; RSE, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.
a Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range).
b Significant difference compared to baseline at P < 0.001.
c Significant difference to 10 weeks at P < 0.01.
d Kolotkin (27)
e Significant difference to baseline at P < 0.01
f Significant difference to baseline at P < 0.05
g Derogatis (24)
h Lundgren et al. (25)
i HADS data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test.
j Stern (22)
k PSS data was analyzed using a one-sample t-test.
l Cohen et al. (23)
m Rosenberg (26)