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. 2023 Apr 7;16:121. doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-05754-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Virtual gels of 18S T-ARMS-PCR (a) internal transcribed sequence (ITS) T-ARMS-PCR (b) and duplex T-ARMS-PCR (c). The 382- and 667-bp amplicons are the internal positive controls for the Schistosoma sp. 18S and ITS DNA regions, respectively. The 18S T-ARMS-PCR was designed to distinguish Schistosoma bovis (Sb) from Schistosoma curassoni (Sc) or Schistosoma haemobium (Sh), whereas the ITS T-ARMS-PCR was designed to distinguish Sh from Sb or Sc. When combined in duplex, the ITS/18S T-ARMS-PCR should provide unique amplicon profiles for each species (Sh: 120, 382, 487 and 667 bp; Sc: 120, 234, 382 and 667 bp; Sb: 234, 316, 382, and 667 bp) and/or hybrid forms (Sb×Sc: 120, 234, 316, 382 and 667 bp; Sh×Sc: 120, 234, 382, 487 and 667 bp; and Sh×Sb: 120, 234, 316, 382, 487 and 667 bp). C+ Internal positive control