Table 2.
Hemodynamic and respiratory variables during the study protocol
| Baseline 1 (n = 64) |
PLR (n = 64) | Baseline 2 (n = 64) | PEEP-test (n = 64) | Baseline 3 (n = 64) | Volume expansion (n = 30) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PEEP, mmHg | ||||||
|
Volume responsive Volume unresponsive |
13 ± 2 12 ± 3 |
13 ± 2 12 ± 3 |
13 ± 2 12 ± 3 |
5 ± 0 5 ± 0 |
13 ± 2 12 ± 3 |
13 ± 2 |
| RR, /min | ||||||
|
Volume responsive Volume unresponsive |
26 ± 4 26 ± 5 |
26 ± 4 26 ± 5 |
26 ± 4 26 ± 5 |
26 ± 4 26 ± 5 |
26 ± 4 26 ± 5 |
26 ± 4 |
| SpO2, % | ||||||
|
Volume responsive Volume unresponsive |
94 ± 2 94 ± 3 |
94 ± 3 94 ± 3 |
94 ± 2 94 ± 3 |
93 ± 4¤ 93 ± 4¤ |
94 ± 3 94 ± 3 |
96 ± 21 |
| HR, beats/min | ||||||
|
Volume responsive Volume unresponsive |
84 ± 21 78 ± 23 |
83 ± 22 78 ± 22 |
85 ± 23 79 ± 24 |
85 ± 23 78 ± 23 |
85 ± 21 78 ± 23 |
78 ± 201 |
| SAP, mmHg | ||||||
|
Volume responsive Volume unresponsive |
120 ± 25 120 ± 25 |
134 ± 27* 128 ± 21* |
120 ± 25 119 ± 21 |
130 ± 26¤ 125 ± 20¤ |
120 ± 26 120 ± 21 |
138 ± 351 |
| DAP, mmHg | ||||||
|
Volume responsive Volume unresponsive |
57 ± 13 57 ± 15 |
62 ± 13* 60 ± 14* |
57 ± 12 56 ± 14 |
59 ± 12¤ 57 ± 14¤ |
56 ± 12 56 ± 14 |
60 ± 141 |
| MAP, mmHg | ||||||
|
Volume responsive Volume unresponsive |
77 ± 16 78 ± 16 |
87 ± 18* 83 ± 15* |
77 ± 16 76 ± 15 |
83 ± 18¤ 80 ± 15¤ |
77 ± 17 77 ± 14 |
87 ± 221 |
| PP, mmHg | ||||||
|
Volume responsive Volume unresponsive |
61 ± 23 63 ± 23 |
72 ± 25* 68 ± 19* |
63 ± 22 63 ± 18 |
71 ± 22¤ 66 ± 22 |
64 ± 22 64 ± 18 |
77 ± 29 ± |
| CVP, mmHg | ||||||
|
Volume responsive Volume unresponsive |
9 ± 3 10 ± 4 |
12 ± 3* 14 ± 4* |
8 ± 3 10 ± 4 |
7 ± 3¤ 8 ± 4¤ |
8 ± 3 10 ± 4 |
11 ± 31 |
| CI, L/min/m2 | ||||||
|
Volume responsive Volume unresponsive |
2.4 ± 0.7 2.7 ± 0.7 |
2.8 ± 0.9* 2.8 ± 0.7 |
2.4 ± 0.7 2.7 ± 0.7 |
2.9 ± 0.9¤ 2.9 ± 0.7¤ |
2.4 ± 0.7 2.7 ± 0.7 |
2.8 ± 0.71 |
| PPV, % | ||||||
|
Volume responsive Volume unresponsive |
9 ± 6 7 ± 6 |
7 ± 6 6 ± 5 |
10 ± 6 6 ± 4$ |
6 ± 5¤ 6 ± 4 |
9 ± 6 6 ± 5 |
6 ± 51 |
| SVV, % | ||||||
|
Volume responsive Volume unresponsive |
10 ± 6 8 ± 5 |
7 ± 6* 6 ± 4* |
11 ± 6 6 ± 4$ |
8 ± 6¤ 7 ± 5 |
10 ± 7 7 ± 5$ |
7 ± 61 |
*p < 0.05 PLR vs. Baseline 1
¤ p < 0.05 PEEP-test vs. Baseline 2
1 p < 0.05 Volume expansion vs. Baseline 3
$ p < 0.05 responders vs. non-responders
CVP Central venous pressure, CI Cardiac index, DAP Diastolic arterial pressure, HR Heart rate, MAP Mean arterial pressure, PEEP Positive end-expiratory pressure PLR Passive leg raising, PPV Pulse pressure variation, RR Respiratory rate, SAP Systolic arterial pressure, SVV Stroke volume variation
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation