Extended Data Fig. 2 |. IVIS imaging for the LNPs biodistribution.

a, Schematic illustration for the construction of lung-targeting LNPs. The lipids are injected into the upper inlet of a microfluidic device (SPARK^TM CARTRIDGE), whereas the cargo luciferase mRNA is loaded into the lower inlet to generate the LNPs from the outlet. Lung-selectivity of LNPs is achieved by adding 50% (molar%) supplementary cationic lipid DOTAP (a SORT molecule) to the traditional LNPs formulation employed by the FDA-approved RNAi therapy Patisiran/Onpattro. Scale bar, 100 nm. b, Mouse major organs were imaged 3 h following tail vein injection of luciferase mRNA-loaded LNPs (LNP-Luc, 0.4 mg/kg) formulated with a series of molar % of DOTAP (0–50 %). c, The animal’s whole body and organs were imaged 3 h after IV injection (retro-orbital or tail vein) of 50% DOTAP-containing LNPs loaded with 0.5 mg/kg luciferase mRNA. d, The average percentages of LNPs with 50% DOTAP delivered to each mouse organ. n = 6 mice.