Renal function, albuminuria, pathology, neutrophil influx, IgG anti-dsDNA, and cytokines in ASLN mice. Serum levels of (A) BUN and (B) Cr; (C) Urine albumin levels; (D) Renal pathology, H&E staining. The arrows indicate mononuclear leukocyte infiltration. The arrowheads indicate neutrophil infiltration. E-I, Scoring for renal pathology; (J) Scoring for glomerulonephritis activity. K, Collagen IV by IHC staining. L, Scoring for IHC. M, Neutrophil influx was quantified in MSU crystals-induced peritonitis in mice by flow cytometry. N, Serum levels of IgG anti-dsDNA autoantibody; Serum levels of (O) IL-1β, (P) IL-6 and (Q) TNF-α. Scale bars = 50 μm. Original magnification 400×. Data are presented as means ± SEM for seven mice per group. ASLN, accelerated, severe lupus nephritis; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cf-02, a novel benzamide-linked small molecule; Cr, creatinine. ***P < .005, ****P < .001, #Not detectable. ns, no significant difference