Figure 1.

Schematic of the test phase of the experiment. Children listened to the songs and indicated their responses in the context of an online game. a, Parents guided their children’s participation with the assistance of a progress bar, which indicated which portions of the experiment were intended to be for parents alone, parents and children together, or children alone. The progress bar was visible throughout the experiment. b, The game was narrated by Susie the Star, an animated character whose instructions were spoken aloud and printed in speech bubbles on the screen. c, During testing children listened to a series of songs. d, After each song, Susie asked them to guess its behavioral context and indicate their response by clicking or tapping an image (with accompanying text). The cartoon star was designed by Freepik.