Table 4.
Frequency of single disease and the most prevalent combination of two and three diseases and their corresponding adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for all-cause mortality stratified by sex.
| Frequency (Rank) of single diseases | Combination of two diseases | Men (n = 2015) | Women (n = 2,112) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disease | Men (n = 2015) | Women (n = 2,112) | Frequency (Rank*) | HR (95% CIs) | Frequency (Rank) | HR (95% CIs) | |
| Hypertension | 1,086 (1) | 1,206 (1) | Heart-hypertension | 381 (1) | 1.47 (1.15,1.71) | 323 (2) | 1.59 (1.17,2.16) |
| Eye | 630 (2) | 862 (2) | Hypertension-eye | 378 (2) | 0.87 (0.78,1.08) | 542 (1) | 1.25 (0.94,1.67) |
| Heart | 555 (3) | 454 (3) | Diabetes-hypertension | 268 (3) | 1.63 (1.31,2.04) | 258 (3) | 2.09 (1.52,2.89) |
| Diabetes | 352 (4) | 312 (5) | Heart-eye | 203 (4) | 1.15 (0.91,1.46) | 241 (5) | 1.52 (1.11,2.11) |
| Joint | 227 (5) | 404 (4) | Joint-hypertension | 173 (5) | 1.15 (0.87,1.51) | 247 (4) | 1.42 (1.01,2.02) |
| Lung | 207 (6) | 200 (7) | Diabetes-eye | 146 (6) | 1.34 (1.02,1.74) | 163 (7) | 1.98 (1.38,2.83) |
| Gastrointestinal | 139 (7) | 196 (8) | Heart-diabetes | 134 (7) | 1.87 (1.43,2.45) | 108 (12) | 2.87 (1.96,4.20) |
| Stroke | 136 (8) | 100 (9) | Lung-hypertension | 128 (8) | 1.34 (0.99,1.81) | 134 (8) | 1.67 (1.12,2.51) |
| Cancer | 99 (9) | 68 (11) | Joint-eye | 116 (9) | 1.11 (0.81,1.48) | 206 (6) | 1.12 (0.77–1.62) |
| Anxiety | 90 (10) | 223 (6) | Hypertension-anxiety | 60 (16) | 1.47 (0.95,2.27) | 132 (9) | 1.64 (1.06,2.55) |
| Kidney | 81 (11) | 70 (10) | Joint-heart | 91 (12) | 1.32 (0.94,1.85) | 129 (10) | 1.32 (0.86,2.03) |
| Neurological | 60 (12) | 50 (12) | Combination of three diseases | Frequency (Rank) | HR (95% CIs) | Frequency (Rank) | HR (95% CIs) |
| Liver | 41 (13) | 47 (14) | Heart-hypertension-eye | 145 (1) | 1.08 (0.82,1.43) | 177 (1) | 1.43 (1.00,2.03) |
| Depression | 23 (14) | 49 (13) | Heart-diabetes-hypertension | 112 (2) | 1.81 (1.36,4.42) | 91 (4) | 2.87 (1.92,4.28) |
| Diabetes-hypertension-eye | 111 (3) | 1.34 (0.99,1.80) | 135 (2) | 2.61 (1.65,4.13) | |||
| Lung-hypertension-eye | 67 (4) | 1.14 (0.76,1.77) | 80 (6) | 1.69 (1.06,2.72) | |||
| Joint-hypertension-eye | 67 (5) | 1.23 (0.86,1.75) | 129 (3) | 1.24 (0.81,1.88) | |||
| Joint-heart-hypertension | 66 (6) | 1.11 (0.73,1.67) | 90 (5) | 1.52 (0.95,2.43) | |||
| Heart-diabetes-eye | 60 (7) | 1.69 (1.18,2.41) | 63 (9) | 2.61 (1.65,4.12) | |||
| Lung-heart-hypertension | 53 (8) | 1.46 (0.95,2.23) | 50 (13) | 1.74 (0.98,3.08) | |||
| Joint-diabetes-hypertension | 49 (9) | 1.61 (1.07,2.39) | 51 (12) | 2.09 (1.31,3.36) | |||
| Joint-heart-eye | 42 (13) | 1.09 (0.69,1.72) | 73 (7) | 1.17 (0.69,1.98) | |||
| Hypertension-eye-anxiety | 27 (23) | 1.28 (0.69,2.35) | 69 (8) | 1.66 (0.99,2.76) | |||
*The Rank of disease combination shows the sorted descending rank based on the prevalence of specific combinations among all possible combinations in men and women separately. The heart-hypertension and the hypertension-eye have the highest frequency and first rank for the diseases pair in men and women, respectively. The Hazard ratios (95% CIs) of the specific combination were calculated after adjusting for age, education, family status, smoking habit, alcohol use, BMI, and physical activity. For each hazard ratio, the reference group was considered as individuals who had no or one disease.