Table 2.
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) exposures in the matched case-control study population.
| DM (N = 101) | AIT (N = 63) | JIA (N = 52) | IBD (N = 26) | Casesa (N = 242) | Matched controlsb (N = 2,147) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of children exposed to PPIs, n (%) | 1 (1.0) | 4 (6.3) | 2 (3.8) | 2 (7.7) | 9 (3.7) | 37 (1.7) |
| Boys | 1 (1.0) | 2 (3.2) | 0 | 1 (3.8) | 4 (1.7) | 14 (0.6) |
| Girls | 0 | 2 (3.2) | 2 (3.8) | 1 (3.8) | 5 (2.1) | 23 (1.1) |
| Number of children with more than one PPI purchase, n (%) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.6) | 0 | 1 (3.8) | 3 (1.2) | 8 (0.4) |
| Range of PPI purchases | 0–2 | 0–10 | 0–1 | 0–8 | 0–10 | 0–11 |
| Total number of PPI purchases | 2 | 13 | 2 | 9 | 26 | 69 |
| Number of children exposed to PPIs within 2 years before index date | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.6) | 2 (3.8) | 2 (7.7) | 6 (2.5) | 10 (0.5) |
a
Cases = children with autoimmune diseases (represented with DM (type 1 diabetes mellitus), AIT (autoimmune thyroiditis), JIA (juvenile idiopathic arthritis), and IBD (inflammatory bowel diseases)).
b
Each child in the case group were matched with four to ten children with similar age, sex, and residential area.