Table 3.
Background characteristics of children with and without exposures to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).
| Children exposed to PPIs (N = 46) | Children without PPI exposures (N = 2,343) | p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | 0.594 | ||
| Boys | 18 (0.8) | 1,009 (42.2) | |
| Girls | 28 (1.2) | 1,334 (55.8) | |
| Maternal socioeconomic status, n (%) | 0.949 | ||
| Upper-level employees | 17 (37.0) | 698 (29.8) | |
| Lower-level employees | 15 (32.6) | 922 (39.4) | |
| Manual workers, students, self-employed, housewife, others (unemployed, pensioners) | 12 (26.1) | 676 (28.9) | |
| Missing | 2 (4.4) | 47 (2.0) | |
| Preterm birth, n (%) | 0.112 | ||
| Yes | 0 | 124 (5.3) | |
| No | 45 (97.8) | 2,209 (94.3) | |
| Missing | 1 (2.2) | 10 (0.4) | |
| Antibiotic exposures before the age of 3 yearsb, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| None | 2 (4.3) | 310 (13.2) | |
| 1–2 times | 10 (21.7) | 932 (39.8) | |
| 3–6 times | 11 (23.9) | 539 (23.0) | |
| More than 6 times | 23 (50.0) | 562 (24.0) |
a
Pearson's chi square.
b
All types of antibiotic exposures, used categories were based on interquartile range (IQR).