Table 2.
Novel compounds targeting NLRP3 in the treatment of GA.
| Compounds | Structure | Model/Have protective effect against GA? | Targets and mechanisms | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBED |
|
MSU-induced GA and MSU-stimulated THP-1/Yes |
XOD, NLRP3, IL-1β | (103) |
| dapansutrile |
|
Primary macrophages of MSU-induced GA mouse and MSU-induced GA/Yes |
NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-18, MMP3, CXCL8,TNFIL-1β, IL-6, myeloperoxidase, and CXCL1 | (104, 105) |
| Compound 8 |
|
MSU-stimulated THP-1/Unvalidated | P2Y14R-cAMP pathways, NLRP3, pyroptosis | (106) |
| Compound 52 |
|
MSU-stimulated BMDMs and MSU-induced GA/Yes |
P2Y14R-cAMP/NLRP3/ GSDMD |
(107) |
| Compound 11m |
|
MSU-induced GA/Yes | P2Y14R -cAMP/NLRP3 | (108) |
| Compound 5d |
|
MSU-stimulated THP-1 cells and MSU-induced GA/Yes |
XOD, NLRP3,TLR4 | (109) |
| Compound 9b |
|
MSU-stimulated THP-1 cells and MSU-induced GA/Yes |
NLRP3 and XOD | (110) |
| AI-44 |
|
MSU-stimulated THP-1 cells and MSU-induced GA/Yes | Cathepsin B, NLRP3 | (111) |
| NSC697923 |
|
MSU-stimulated macrophages and MSU-induced GA/Yes |
Caspase-1, NLRP3 | (112) |
| MHC |
|
MSU-induced GA/Yes | NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase-1, pro-IL-1β, Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB | (113) |
| Spirodalesol analog 8A |
|
LPS-stimulated macrophages and MSU-induced GA/Yes |
ASC, caspase-1,NLRP3 | (114) |
| Z1456467176 |
|
ATP-stimulated macrophages and MSU-induced GA/Yes |
P2X7R, NLRP3, IL-1β | (115) |