Table 5.

Sirtuin1 and TNF-α levels.

Variable		Placebo (n = 22)	Astaxanthin (n = 22)	MD, p
SIRT-1 (ng/ml)	before	6.37 (4.84, 9.62)	6.34 (5.12, 9.23)	0.733§
	after	5.90 (4.96, 9.84)	5.87 (4.57, 13.62)	0.534§
	p ¥	0.638	0.495	0.15ᶿ
TNF-α (pg/ml)	before	0.85 ± 0.27	0.88 ± 0.27	0.02, 0.763*
	after	0.85 ± 0.24	0.90 ± 0.26	0.04, 0.607*
	p ᵽ	0.001, 0.986	0.02, 0.715	0.56●

SIRT-1, Sirtuin1; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor α, Values are reported as mean ± standard deviation or median (minimum, maximum).

^*Independent samples t-test.

^§Mann-Whitney U test. ^¥Wilcoxon test.

^●Adjusted for baseline values, age, and weight changes using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test.

^ᵽp value is presented after logarithmic transformation.

^ᶿAdjusted for baseline values, age, and weight changes using Quantile regression.