Fig. 2.

Competition between two populations of protocells with different growth parameters. Each heatmap shows the relative abundance of protocells with parameters $\left(p^{\prime }, ∆E^{\prime }\right)$ vs. the base population $\left(p_0,∆E_0\right)=\left(0.6,0.2\right)$ . The Upper row panels show the outcome of the competition for symmetric division (A) and random division (B) of protocells for $v=0$ (no stochastic death). The Bottom panels show the outcomes for symmetric division (C) and random division (D) for nonzero death rate $v=0.01$ The step sizes of the grid are $\delta p=\delta E=0.01$ . The color of each cell on the grid represents the relative abundance of the of protocells with parameters $\left(p^{\prime }, ∆E^{\prime }\right)$ averaged over $M=20$ independent simulations. The number of steps in each axis is $18$ . The remaining parameters are $R=30, E_{\mathit{tr}}=5.$