Fig. 5.

Competition between protocells containing GE against protocells lacking GE: nonautonomous mutualists and autonomous parasites. Time dependency of the total number of the protocells with (blue lines) and without (orange lines) GE, denoted by $N_g$ and $N_o$ respectively, for the division scenarios [7] and [9] (A and C, respectively). The thick lines show the size of the populations averaged over an ensemble of 100 realizations. Time dependency of the fraction of autonomous parasites (purple lines) and nonautonomous mutualists (green lines) for (B) and (D). The thick lines show the behavior of fractions of GE [10] averaged over the ensemble. The model parameters are as follows: $\begin{array}{c}{E_{\mathit{tr}}=5, K=1, r}_{\mathcal{A}}=0.01, r_{\mathcal{N}}=0.0125, d_{\mathcal{A}}=d_{\mathcal{N}}= 0.01, R=30, \mathrm{\Delta }E=0.3,\hfill \end{array}$$\begin{array}{c}{E}_c=0.01, p_0=0.6, \mathrm{\mu }=100, E_{\mathit{tr}}=5\hfill \end{array}$.