Table 3.

Associations between children factors and caregiver burden

	Factor	Measure factor	Outcome caregiver burden	Bivariate analysis	Bivariate association r/t/F/β/Z/H/X2	Multivariate association β/b (95% CI)	N	Ref
Demographics	Age	Years	VQ burden	P	ns	–	75	8
		Years	ZBI	P or S	ns	–	101	12
		Years	ZBI	–	–	ns	69	14
		Years	CDS	S	ns	–	209	21
		Years	CDS	R	ns	–	375	23
		1–5/6–12/>12 years old	ZBI	P or S	ns	–	109	15
		Years	ZBI	U	ns	–	1190	19
	Gender	Male/female	ZBI	–	–	ns	69	14
		Male child	CDS	T	3.02**	0.18** (1.56 to 8.34)	209	21
		Male child	CDS	R	3.60*	3.50* (−)	375	23
		Male/female	CBS	P or S	ns	–	109	15
	Going to nursery/school	Yes/no	ZBI	U	ns	–	1190	19
	Residence	Urban/rural	ZBI	U	nr****	–	1190	19
	Birth order	1st/2nd/3rd or greater	CDS	A	ns	–	209	21
		First/or not	ZBI	U	ns	–	1190	19
	No of children	3 or higher	ZBI	–	–	ns	69	14
		1/2/3	CDS	R	ns	–	375	23
		1/2/3/4 or more	ZBI	P or S	0.20*	–	109	15
		1/or not	ZBI	U	ns	–	1190	19
	No of disabled children	1/or not	ZBI	P or S	ns	–	109	15
	Body mass index	BMI	ZBI	P or S	ns	–	101	12
Disease related	Type of CP	5 types	CDS	A	3.15*	–	209	21
		Spastic quadriplegia	CDS	R	10.62***	–	375	23
	Severity of illness	GMFCS	ZBI	P or S	0.30**	–	101	12
		Severity of illness scale	ZBI	–	–	0.29* (nr)	69	14
		GMFCS-ER	CDS	A	6.87***	0.29*** (4.42 to 11.23)	209	21
		nr	ZBI	–	–	0.28* (0.04 to 0.35)	62	17
		3 levels	ZBI	H	nr**	ns	1190	19
	Tube/intravenous nutrition	Yes/no	ZBI	C	nr*	ns	1190	19
	Aetiology	7 types	CDS	A	2.49*	–	209	21
	Additional physical illness	Absent/present	ZBI	–	–	ns	69	14
	Associated conditions	0/1/2/3/4 or more	CDS	A	3.21*	–	209	21
		0/1 or more	CDS	R	12.75***	ns	375	23
	Functional impairments	No of functional deficits	CDS	R	3.97***	2.64*** (nr)	375	23
Behavioural functioning	Functional status	FIM	ZBI	P or S	ns	–	109	15
	Behavioural problems	SDQ	BM	nr	0.24*	0.29**	93	25
		SDQ	DPC burden	nr	0.38****	0.27** (0.06 to 1.43)	94	27
Overall health	Quality of life	KIDSCREEN-10	BM	nr	ns	–	93	25
		PedsQL	ZBI	P	0.40***	–	120	16
Social environment	Social support	SSSS	BM	nr	ns	−0.19* (nr)	93	25
	Environment	Space for child locomotion	ZBI	P	nr*	–	21	18

****p<0.0001, ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.

A, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); BMI, Body Mass Index; C, chi-squared test; CP, cerebral palsy; FIM, Functional Independence Measure; GMFCS, Gross Motor Function Classification System; GMFCS-ER, Gross Motor Function Classification System–Expanded and Revised; H, Kruskal-Wallis H; KIDSCREEN-10, The shortest version of Kidscreen questionnaires; nr, not reported; ns, not significant; P, Pearson correlation coefficient; PedsQL, Pediatric Quality of Life 4.0 Generic Core Scales; R, univariate regression analysis; S, Spearman’s linear correlation coefficient/Spearman’s Rho correlation; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SSSS, Satisfaction with social support scale for children and adolescents; T, independent Student’s t-test; U, Mann-Whitney U test.