Figure 2: Patient with dense amnesia and bilateral lesions to the medial temporal lobes shows navigation comparable to age-matched controls (McAvan et al. 2022).

A. Participant wearing a wireless head-mounted display, allowing rich visual input and a full range of idiothetic (body-based) walking cues (left panel). Distal mountain cues required to find the locations of hidden targets in the environment (center panel). Overhead view of the environment was not seen by the participants. The view seen by participants in the study (right panel).

B. Placement error for all trials median centered for all three targets. The patient (red) and controls (black) showed statistically indistinguishable errors in target placement using the distal cues. Each shape represents a different target of three different possible targets; large circles indicate median error. Large black dot indicates centered target locations. Both the patient and controls were well above bootstrapped error predictions.