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. 2022 Jul 11;35(12):1683–1695. doi: 10.1111/jeb.14034

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Phylogeny of known sex determination systems in Gasterosteidae. Identity of the sex chromosomes are in parentheses, with “+” indicating a Y‐autosome fusion. The candidate sex determination gene of G. nipponicus (AmhY) is inferred here based on the shared ancestry of the sex determination regions of all Gasterosteus species. Tree topology and node dates (given above nodes) are taken from: (a) Varadharajan et al. (2019); (b) Betancur‐R et al. (2015), Friedman et al. (2013), Near et al. (2013), Sanciangco et al. (2016); (c) Ravinet et al. (2018); (d) timetree.org; (e) Guo et al. (2019). Image credits: G. wheatlandi and G. nipponicus by Rene P. Martin, CC BY‐SA 4.0; G. aculeatus and C. inconstans by Ellen Edmonson, used with permission from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC); P. pungitius, P. sinensis, and P. tymensis by Nilo Sinnatamby, CC BY‐SA 4.0; A. quadracus by Hugh Chrisp, used with permission from NYSDEC; S. spinachia by Krüger ‐ Bibliothèque nationale de France, Public Domain