Table 2.
Reliability (reproducibility) of the FFQ: Median daily intakes, matched pairs comparison and the intraclass correlation coefficient for the comparison between FFQ1 and FFQ2 (recorded 12 months apart) in Cypriot adults
| All results, raw intakes | All results, energy‐adjusted intakes | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FFQ1 | FFQ2 | FFQ1 | FFQ2 | |||||||||||
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | p value Wilcoxon matched pairs Rank sum test | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | p value Wilcoxon matched pairs Rank sum test | ICC coefficient | 95% CI | p value* | ||
| n | 68 | n | 68 | |||||||||||
| Energy (kcal day–1) | 2563 | 1194 | 2036 | 940 | 0.0002 | Energy (kcal day–1) | 2563 | 1194 | 2036 | 940 | 0.0002 | |||
| Protein (g day–1) | 121.7 | 62.1 | 101.7 | 61.8 | 0.0002 | % Protein | 20.4 | 5.0 | 20.7 | 4.8 | 0.3046 | 0.45 | 0.24–0.62 | <0.0001 |
| Fat (g day–1) | 108.4 | 51.0 | 94.7 | 61.0 | 0.0015 | % Fat | 39.2 | 9.4 | 40.4 | 8.0 | 0.6206 | 0.55 | 0.36–0.69 | <0.0001 |
| Sat fats (g day–1) | 33.7 | 19.4 | 29.6 | 21.4 | 0.0008 | % Sat fats | 12.7 | 3.4 | 12.6 | 3.6 | 0.8931 | 0.69 | 0.55–0.80 | <0.0001 |
| MUFA (g day–1) | 43.7 | 21.4 | 36.3 | 23.0 | 0.0025 | % MUFA | 15.5 | 5.2 | 15.4 | 5.7 | 0.9951 | 0.16 | (−0.08)−0.38 | 0.095 |
| PUFA (g day–1) | 14.6 | 8.5 | 12.1 | 9.0 | 0.0221 | % PUFA | 5.6 | 1.5 | 5.7 | 1.8 | 0.3822 | 0.64 | 0.48–0.76 | <0.0001 |
| Carbohydrate (g day–1) | 231.4 | 118.4 | 198.7 | 95.0 | 0.0003 | % Carbohydrate | 37.6 | 10.7 | 36.9 | 9.1 | 0.8690 | 0.52 | 0.33–0.68 | <0.0001 |
| Tot sugars (g day–1) | 75.1 | 44.9 | 68.1 | 39.1 | 0.1545 | % Total sugars | 12.7 | 6.1 | 12.9 | 5.9 | 0.1528 | 0.32 | 0.09–0.52 | 0.004 |
| NSP (Englyst) g day–1) | 17.0 | 10.4 | 15.0 | 11.7 | 0.0905 | NSP (Englyst) (g 1000 kcal–1) | 6.9 | 3.2 | 6.8 | 3.8 | 0.1769 | 0.39 | 0.17–0.57 | <0.0001 |
| Fibre (AOAC) (g day–1) | 20.4 | 12.2 | 18.7 | 16.4 | 0.1654 | Fibre (AOAC) (g 1000 kcal–1) | 8.6 | 3.7 | 8.7 | 5.1 | 0.1869 | 0.39 | 0.16–0.57 | 0.001 |
| Alcohol (g day–1) | 3.0 | 8.0 | 3.4 | 6.1 | 0.1550 | % Alcohol | 0.9 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 0.8666 | 0.52 | 0.33–0.68 | <0.0001 |
| Cholesterol (mg day–1) | 342.0 | 195.6 | 262.6 | 203.0 | <0.00001 | Cholesterol (mg 1000 kcal–1) | 137.9 | 66.8 | 135.9 | 68.0 | 0.4025 | 0.63 | 0.47–0.76 | <0.0001 |
| Sodium (mg day–1) | 2805.7 | 1948.7 | 2339.6 | 1518.4 | <0.00001 | Sodium (mg 1000 kcal–1) | 1208.0 | 331.4 | 1122.7 | 310.4 | 0.2661 | 0.46 | 0.25–0.63 | <0.0001 |
| Potassium (mg day–1) | 3872.5 | 1706.4 | 3196.9 | 1689.1 | 0.0008 | Potassium (mg 1000 kcal–1) | 1402.7 | 347.4 | 1512.5 | 377.2 | 0.2457 | 0.52 | 0.32–0.67 | <0.0001 |
| Calcium (mg day–1) | 1154.2 | 638.9 | 889.8 | 584.1 | 0.0006 | Calcium (mg 1000 kcal–1) | 462.9 | 170.5 | 428.5 | 170.6 | 0.4199 | 0.33 | 0.10–0.53 | 0.003 |
| Magnesium (mg day–1) | 408.2 | 209.5 | 338.9 | 150.5 | 0.002 | Magnesium (mg 1000 kcal–1) | 159.3 | 39.4 | 166.2 | 42.0 | 0.0477 | 0.56 | 0.37–0.70 | <0.0001 |
| Phosphorus (mg day–1) | 1807.0 | 790.0 | 1452.1 | 789.5 | 0.0002 | Phosphorus (mg 1000 kcal–1) | 699.1 | 150.8 | 718.1 | 155.0 | 0.7185 | 0.38 | 0.16–0.57 | 0.001 |
| Iron (mg day–1) | 15.6 | 5.9 | 12.7 | 6.8 | 0.0002 | Iron (mg 1000 kcal–1) | 6.4 | 2.0 | 6.0 | 1.3 | 0.1328 | 0.36 | 0.13–0.55 | 0.001 |
| Zinc (mg day–1) | 12.1 | 5.9 | 9.9 | 4.6 | 0.0007 | Zinc (mg 1000 kcal–1) | 4.8 | 1.0 | 4.9 | 0.9 | 0.4523 | 0.42 | 0.20–0.60 | <0.0001 |
| Vitamin D (μg day–1) | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.0263 | Vitamin D (μg 1000 kcal–1) | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.7139 | 0.18 | (−0.06)−0.40 | 0.068 |
| Vitamin E (mg day–1) | 7.3 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 0.3657 | Vitamin E (mg 1000 kcal–1) | 3.1 | 1.53 | 3.4 | 1.8 | 0.0816 | 0.63 | 0.46–0.75 | <0.0001 |
| Thiamin (mg day–1) | 1.9 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.0036 | Thiamin (mg 1000 kcal–1) | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.8307 | 0.12 | (−0.12)−0.35 | 0.165 |
| Riboflavin (mg day–1) | 1.9 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.0003 | Riboflavin (mg 1000 kcal–1) | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.3789 | 0.34 | 0.11–0.53 | 0.002 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg day–1) | 2.2 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.0006 | Vitamin B6 (mg 1000 kcal–1) | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.6556 | 0.29 | 0.05–0.49 | 0.009 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg day–1) | 3.8 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 0.0111 | Vitamin B12 (μg 1000 kcal–1) | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 0.8882 | 0.49 | 0.28–0.68 | <0.0001 |
| Folate (μg day–1) | 245.0 | 125.4 | 196.3 | 139.6 | 0.0008 | Folate (μg 1000 kcal–1) | 99.1 | 25.9 | 97.6 | 40.3 | 0.7461 | 0.43 | 0.21–0.60 | <0.0001 |
| Pantothenic acid (mg day–1) | 5.9 | 3.0 | 5.2 | 2.6 | 0.0003 | Pantothenic acid (mg 1000 kcal–1) | 2.5 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 0.6336 | 0.50 | 0.30–0.66 | <0.0001 |
| Vitamin C (mg day–1) | 77.9 | 61.3 | 67.6 | 55.2 | 0.0894 | Vitamin C (mg 1000 kcal–1) | 30.4 | 24.9 | 34.4 | 22.0 | 0.6867 | 0.24 | 0.001–0.45 | 0.025 |
| Vitamin A RAE (μg day–1) | 518.0 | 422.9 | 400.7 | 381.9 | 0.0143 | Vitamin A RAE (μg 1000 kcal–1) | 210.1 | 130.6 | 174.1 | 119.9 | 0.6511 | 0.47 | 0.26–0.64 | <0.0001 |
| Niacin equivalents (mg day–1) | 48.9 | 29.0 | 41.7 | 26.0 | 0.0002 | Niacin equivalents (mg 1000 kcal–1) | 20.2 | 5.8 | 19.3 | 7.3 | 0.1617 | 0.46 | 0.25–0.63 | <0.0001 |
*
p value for the ICC. p < 0.05 indicates a statistically significant agreement between FFQ1 and FFQ2.
Abbreviations: FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; FFQ1, energy‐adjusted daily macro‐ and micronutrients intake at baseline; FFQ2, energy‐adjusted daily macro‐ and micronutrients intake 1 year later; ICC, intraclass correlation coefficients; IQR, interquartile range; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; RAE, retinol activity equivalents.