TABLE 2.
Participant characteristics and mean scores (SD) of primary and secondary outcome measures per communication strategy condition
| Total Group | Basic information (C1) | Elaborate information (C2) | Non‐specified risk (C3) | Risk‐ Best practice (C4) | Visual PET scan (C5) | Teach‐ back (C6) | Emotional support (C7) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 1017 | N = 134 | N = 144 | N = 134 | N = 160 | N = 141 | N = 149 | N = 155 | |
| Sex, F, n (%) | 808 (79%) | 108 (81%) | 110 (76%) | 115 (86%) | 121 (76%) | 109 (77%) | 121 (81%) | 124 (80%) |
| Age (years) | 63.7 (8.0) | 64.1 (7.2) | 64.0 (8.4) | 63.9 (8.3) | 63.1 (8.1) | 63.4 (8.7) | 63.4 (8.0) | 63.8 (7.6) |
| Years of education | 11.8 (3.1) | 11.6 (3.0) | 11.9 (3.0) | 12.2 (3.3) | 11.4 (3.1) | 11.6 (3.0) | 12.2 (3.2) | 11.9 (2.9) |
| Dementia patient caregiver b | 402 (40%) | 58 (43%) | 63 (44%) | 58 (43%) | 58 (36%) | 52 (37%) | 54 (36%) | 59 (38%) |
| Medical knowledge c , h (1‐5) | 3.0 (0.7) | 2.9 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.7) |
| Dementia knowledge c , h (1‐5) | 2.9 (0.7) | 2.8 (0.7) | 2.8 (0.7) | 2.9 (0.7) | 2.9 (0.7) | 2.9 (0.8) | 2.9 (0.7) | 2.8 (0.8) |
| Perceived realism video‐physician d , h (0‐10) | 8.0 (1.7) | 8.2 (1.6) | 8.0 (1.5) | 8.0 (1.7) | 7.9 (1.6) | 7.9 (1.8) | 8.1 (2.0) | 8.0 (1.8) |
| Perceived realism video‐situation d , h (0‐10) | 7.7 (2.0) | 7.9 (1.7) | 7.5 (2.2) | 7.7 (2.0) | 7.6 (2.0) | 7.8 (1.9) | 8.0 (2.0) | 7.7 (2.0) |
| Video Engagement Scale e , h (VES; 1‐7) | 4.3 (1.3) | 4.3 (1.2) | 4.2 (1.3) | 4.4 (1.4) | 4.2 (1.2) | 4.4 (1.2) | 4.6 (1.3) | 4.2 (1.2) |
|
Free Recall i (0‐100) |
42.7 (12.1) a | 41.0 (10.7) | 36.4 (12.7) | 41.5 (11.2) | 48.1 (12.0) | 42.7 (11.5) | 42.5 (10.7) | 45.3 (12.6) |
| Recognition i (0‐100) | 73.9 (14.3) a | 72.9 (13.0) | 70.6 (14.7) | 74.8 (14.0) | 75.8 (13.6) | 71.1 (15.5) | 75.2 (14.2) | 76.2 (14.0) |
| PANAS (positive emotions ∆ j ) (−40 to 40) | −2.4 (5.4) | −2.1 (5.2) | −2.9 (6.0) | −2.6 (5.2) | −1.6 (5.1) | −2.8 (5.8) | −2.6 (5.4) | −2.5 (5.3) |
| PANAS (negative emotions ∆ j ) (−40 to 40) | 0.8 (4.7) | 0.6 (4.1) | 1.2 (4.6) | 1.4 (5.5) | 0.06 (4.5) | 1.2 (4.5) | 0.9 (5.1) | 0.6 (4.7) |
| STAI (anxiety ∆ j ) (−3 to 3) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.2 (0.6) | 0.1 (0.5) |
| MUIS f , h (uncertainty) (1‐5) | 2.1 (0.6) a | 2.0 (0.6) | 2.0 (0.6) | 2.1 (0.6) | 2.3 (0.6) | 2.1 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.6) | 2.0 (0.6) |
| Behavioral intentions g , h (1‐7) | 4.9 (0.8) | 5.1 (0.7) | 4.9 (0.8) | 5 (0.8) | 4.9 (0.8) | 4.9 (0.8) | 4.9 (0.8) | 4.9 (0.7) |
| Trust in physician h (1‐5) | 3.6 (0.8) a | 3.6 (0.8) | 3.5 (0.8) | 3.4 (0.9) | 3.5 (0.8) | 3.5 (0.8) | 3.7 (0.9) | 3.7 (0.8) |
| Satisfaction with physician h (0‐10) | 6.0 (2.0) a | 6.1 (1.8) | 5.8 (2.0) | 5.7 (2.1) | 5.7 (2.0) | 5.6 (1.9) | 6.4 (2.1) | 6.7 (2.0) |
| Satisfaction with information h (1‐4) | 2.1 (0.6) a | 2.2 (0.6) | 2.2 (0.6) | 2.0 (0.5) | 2.1 (0.5) | 2.1 (0.5) | 2.3 (0.5) | 2.1 (0.6) |
Note: Table shows mean (SD), unless otherwise specified. Ranges indicate minimum score to maximum score for all reported variables.
ANOVA showed significant group differences (P < .05); post hoc comparisons between groups are shown in Figures 2 and 3.
Dementia patient caregiver indicates number of participants who were actively a caregiver, or have been in the past, for an individual with dementia.
Medical knowledge and dementia knowledge are self‐reported levels of knowledge.
Perceived physician realism and situation realism are self‐reported levels of the realism of the video‐vignette physician and the situation/scenario displayed.
Scores on the VES proved to be satisfactory in comparison to other video‐vignette studies. 34
Higher scores indicate more uncertainty on the MUIS (Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale).
Higher scores indicate more reported intended behavior changes if the participant would find himself/herself in the video‐patient's situation; lower scores indicate less or no intended changes to behaviors.
Presented scores are average scores.
Presented scores are sum totals and indicate percentage correct.
Presented scores are delta scores (∆), indicating a change in emotions over time. Here, a positive ∆ indicates an increase in experienced emotions over time, and a negative ∆ indicates a decrease in experienced emotions (∆ = T1‐T0).