TABLE 1.
MRI Sequence Parameters
| Parameters | Black‐Blood T1‐Weighted | 2D Flow | 4D Flow | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Protocol | Improved Spatial Resolution | Patient Protocol | Improved Spatial Resolution | Improved Temporal Resolution | Improved Spatial and Temporal Resolution | ||
| Used in: | Patients | Patients and phantom | Phantom | Patients and phantom | Phantom | Phantom | Phantom |
| Field of view (read × phase × slice, mm) | 326 × 245 × 40 | 320 × 259 × 5 | 320 × 258 × 5 | 380 × 285 × 60 | 240 × 180 × 66 | 380 × 285 × 60 | 240 × 180 × 66 |
| Acquired spatial resolution (read × phase × slice, mm) | 0.85 × 0.85 × 0.5 | 1.5 × 1.5 × 5 | 0.8 × 0.8 × 5 | 2.4 × 3.6 × 1.5 | 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 | 2.4 × 3.6 × 1.5 | 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 |
| Reconstructed spatial resolution (read × phase × slice, mm) | 0.85 × 0.85 × 0.5 | 1.5 × 1.5 × 5 | 0.8 × 0.8 × 5 | 2.4 × 2.4 × 1 | 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 | 2.4 × 2.4 × 1 | 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 |
| Temporal resolution, acquired (msec/frames) | n/a | 9.8/44 ± 4 frames per heart beat | 12.4/40 frames per heart beat | 42/11 ± 1 frames per heart beat | 42/12 frames per heart beat | 21/24 frames per heart beat | 42/24 frames per heart beat |
| Temporal resolution, reconstructed | n/a | 35 frames per heart beat | 50 frames per heart beat | 20 frames per heart beat | 20 frames per heart beat | 25 frames per heart beat | 25 frames per heart beat |
| Temporal segmentation factor | n/a | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| TR/TE/flip (msec/msec/°) | 650/20/120 | 4.9/2.7/20 | 6.2/3.6/20 | 5.2/2.5/7 | 5.2/2.5/7 | 5.2/2.5/7 | 5.3/2.5/7 |
| Averages | 1.8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Bandwidth per pixel (Hz) | 870 | 455 | 445 | 455 | 455 | 455 | 455 |
| VENC, cm/sec | n/a | 200 | 200 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 |
| Acceleration | GRAPPA, R = 2 | GRAPPA, R = 2 | GRAPPA, R = 2 | GRAPPA, R = 2 | GRAPPA, R = 2 | GRAPPA, R = 2 | GRAPPA, R = 2 |
| Cardiac cycle gating | Prospective, ECG | Retrospective, patients: ECG, phantom: PPU | Retrospective, PPU | Retrospective, patients: ECG, phantom: PPU | Retrospective, PPU | Retrospective, PPU | Retrospective, PPU |
| Respiratory gating | No | No | n/a | No | n/a | n/a | |
TE = echo time, TR = repetition time, flip = flip angle, VENC = velocity encoding parameter, n/a = not applicable.