Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable analyses of overall survival before and after PSM
| Variables | Before PSM (n = 170) | After PSM (n = 105) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||||||
| HR | 95% Cl | P value | HR | 95% Cl | p-value | HR | 95% Cl | p-value | HR | 95% Cl | p-value | |
| Age | 1.019 | 0.995–1.044 | 0.130 | 1.016 | 0.988–1.045 | 0.261 | ||||||
| Gender, female vs. male | 1.243 | 0.783–1.975 | 0.357 | 1.230 | 0.712–2.125 | 0.457 | ||||||
| BMI | 0.962 | 0.892–1.037 | 0.308 | 0.969 | 0.886–1.059 | 0.487 | ||||||
| ASA score, high vs low | 1.626 | 0.712–3.716 | 0.249 | 1.247 | 0.419–3.712 | 0.692 | ||||||
| Cirrhosis, yes vs. no | 1.405 | 0.783–2.523 | 0.254 | 1.308 | 0.635–2.694 | 0.466 | ||||||
| Hepatitis B, yes vs. no | 0.976 | 0.545–1.750 | 0.936 | 1.118 | 0.574–2.177 | 0.743 | ||||||
| TBIL, high vs low | 1.194 | 0.652–2.186 | 0.565 | 1.115 | 0.522–2.380 | 0.778 | ||||||
| ALB, low vs high | 1.176 | 0.738–1.875 | 0.495 | 1.024 | 0.591–1.774 | 0.933 | ||||||
| PT, high vs low | 1.556 | 0.833–2.906 | 0.165 | 1.118 | 0.475–2.633 | 0.799 | ||||||
| PLT, low vs high | 1.248 | 0.706–2.207 | 0.446 | 1.037 | 0.519–2.072 | 0.919 | ||||||
| AFP, high vs low | 0.844 | 0.306–2.323 | 0.742 | 1.030 | 0.369–2.877 | 0.955 | ||||||
| CEA, high vs low | 2.767 | 1.696–4.515 | < 0.001 | 0.969 | 0.492–1.908 | 0.927 | 2.875 | 1.589–5.202 | < 0.001 | 1.359 | 0.525–3.517 | 0.527 |
| CA19-9, high vs low | 2.772 | 1.543–4.978 | 0.001 | 1.933 | 0.903–4.137 | 0.090 | 3.905 | 1.917–7.955 | < 0.001 | 2.838 | 1.237–6.511 | 0.014 |
| CA12-5, high vs low | 3.173 | 1.919–5.247 | < 0.001 | 3.018 | 1.438–6.332 | 0.003 | 3.060 | 1.660–5.639 | < 0.001 | 2.716 | 1.366–5.401 | 0.004 |
| Child–Pugh, high vs low | 1.597 | 0.839–3.040 | 0.154 | 0.923 | 0.223–3.827 | 0.912 | ||||||
| Surgical operation, open vs laparoscopic | 1.692 | 1.036–2.762 | 0.035 | 1.043 | 0.523–2.080 | 0.905 | 1.700 | 0.964–2.997 | 0.067 | 1.618 | 0.707–3.705 | 0.255 |
| Anatomical liver resection, yes vs. no | 1.539 | 0.857–2.764 | 0.149 | 1.707 | 0.854–3.411 | 0.130 | ||||||
| Extent of resection, major vs minor | 1.194 | 0.994–1.433 | 0.058 | 0.964 | 0.744–1.248 | 0.779 | 1.330 | 1.063–1.663 | 0.012 | 1.038 | 0.731–1.475 | 0.834 |
| Lymphadenectomy ≥ 6, yes vs. no | 1.790 | 1.126–2.844 | 0.014 | 0.978 | 0.515–1.858 | 0.947 | 1.700 | 0.974–2.970 | 0.062 | 1.030 | 0.456–2.329 | 0.943 |
| Operation time | 1.002 | 1.000–1.004 | 0.015 | 1.001 | 0.999–1.004 | 0.406 | 1.003 | 1.001–1.005 | 0.015 | 1.003 | 0.999–1.006 | 0.184 |
| Blood transfusion, yes vs. no | 1.591 | 1.003–2.523 | 0.049 | 0.681 | 0.326–1.426 | 0.309 | 1.378 | 0.797–2.381 | 0.251 | 0.553 | 0.221–1.383 | 0.205 |
| Blood loss | 1.000 | 1.000–1.000 | 0.296 | 1.000 | 1.000–1.000 | 0.547 | ||||||
| Tumor sizes | 1.048 | 0.953–1.153 | 0.334 | 1.017 | 0.906–1.142 | 0.770 | ||||||
| No. of tumors, multiple vs solitary | 1.863 | 1.066–3.257 | 0.029 | 1.371 | 0.653–2.880 | 0.405 | 1.827 | 0.855–3.902 | 0.120 | 2.038 | 0.605–6.865 | 0.250 |
| Clavien-Dindo classification, major vs minor/none | 1.463 | 0.813–2.633 | 0.204 | 0.563 | 0.202–1.567 | 0.271 | ||||||
| Postoperative hospital stay | 1.024 | 1.011–1.037 | < 0.001 | 1.023 | 1.003–1.043 | 0.026 | 1.033 | 1.015–1.051 | < 0.001 | 1.034 | 1.013–1.056 | 0.002 |
| Tumor differentiation, low vs. high | 1.108 | 0.789–1.557 | 0.554 | 1.163 | 0.774–1.748 | 0.466 | ||||||
| Lymph node metastasis, yes vs. no | 2.552 | 1.551–4.197 | < 0.001 | 1.334 | 0.651–2.733 | 0.431 | 2.596 | 1.421–4.743 | 0.002 | 1.266 | 0.500–3.209 | 0.619 |
| Nerve invasion, yes vs. no | 1.685 | 0.955–2.973 | 0.072 | 0.787 | 0.359–1.727 | 0.550 | 1.873 | 0.896–3.914 | 0.095 | 0.852 | 0.262–2.766 | 0.790 |
| R0 resection, yes vs. no | 0.504 | 0.240–1.060 | 0.071 | 0.767 | 0.322–1.828 | 0.549 | 0.279 | 0.122–0.640 | 0.003 | 0.536 | 0.160–1.795 | 0.312 |