Table 2 –
Adjusted PRs of metabolic syndrome and its components among participants aged ≥20 years by quintiles of plasma TFA concentrations—NHANES 1999-2000
| Quintiles of plasma TFA concentrations, PRs (95% CI) |
P value for trend a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | ||
| Median (range) of plasma TFA (μmol/L) | 45.79 (10.96-55.35) | 64.61 (55.36-72.28) | 79.76 (72.29-89.26) | 98.71 (89.27-115.28) | 138.24 (115.29-478.34) | |
| No. of participants | 304 | 310 | 274 | 266 | 288 | |
| Metabolic syndrome | ||||||
| M1b | 1.00 | 1.45 (1.08-1.95) | 2.01 (1.28-3.17) | 2.46 (1.58-3.83) | 3.71 (2.65-5.20) | <.001 |
| M2c | 1.00 | 1.45 (1.04-2.02) | 2.01 (1.30-3.09) | 2.20 (1.43-3.39) | 3.45 (2.39-4.97) | <.001 |
| M3d | 1.00 | 1.44 (1.04-1.98) | 1.99 (1.30-3.04) | 2.20 (1.46-3.33) | 3.43 (2.39-4.92) | <.001 |
| Large waistline | ||||||
| M1b | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.90-1.47) | 1.34 (0.96-1.89) | 1.58 (1.18-2.12) | 1.80 (1.41-2.29) | <.001 |
| M2c | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.88-1.42) | 1.34 (0.97-1.83) | 1.49 (1.15-1.93) | 1.71 (1.37-2.14) | <.001 |
| M3d | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.90-1.42) | 1.34 (0.98-1.83) | 1.51 (1.18-1.93) | 1.72 (1.38-2.14) | <.001 |
| High triglyceride level | ||||||
| M1b | 1.00 | 1.19 (0.73-1.94) | 2.89 (2.08-4.02) | 3.35 (2.53-4.43) | 6.94 (5.56-8.66) | <.001 |
| M2c | 1.00 | 1.38 (0.75-2.55) | 3.59 (2.67-4.83) | 4.00 (3.12-5.14) | 8.29 (6.39-10.75) | <.001 |
| M3d | 1.00 | 1.36 (0.74-2.49) | 3.57 (2.63-4.84) | 4.02 (3.19-5.07) | 8.25 (6.34-10.74) | <.001 |
| Low HDL cholesterol level | ||||||
| M1b | 1.00 | 1.24 (0.91-1.70) | 1.47 (1.03-2.09) | 1.80 (1.31-2.48) | 2.26 (1.77-2.89) | <.001 |
| M2c | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.82-1.63) | 1.32 (0.91-1.93) | 1.52 (1.09-2.11) | 1.93 (1.43-2.60) | <.001 |
| M3d | 1.00 | 1.17 (0.84-1.64) | 1.35 (0.93-1.95) | 1.54 (1.13-2.10) | 1.96 (1.46-2.62) | <.001 |
| High blood pressure | ||||||
| M1b | 1.00 | 1.17 (0.87-1.56) | 1.02 (0.73-1.41) | 0.97 (0.63-1.50) | 1.16 (0.87-1.56) | .740 |
| M2c | 1.00 | 1.17 (0.88-1.55) | 1.01 (0.75-1.38) | 0.94 (0.61-1.44) | 1.14 (0.84-1.54) | .911 |
| M3d | 1.00 | 1.18 (0.88-1.59) | 1.02 (0.74-1.41) | 0.95 (0.62-1.45) | 1.14 (0.85-1.55) | .894 |
| High fasting glucose | ||||||
| M1b | 1.00 | 1.31 (1.03-1.76) | 1.13 (0.73-1.76) | 1.57 (1.13-2.19) | 1.62 (1.15-2.29) | .004 |
| M2c | 1.00 | 1.31 (1.12-1.53) | 1.15 (0.78-1.69) | 1.36 (1.01-1.84) | 1.50 (1.19-1.89) | .010 |
| M3d | 1.00 | 1.29 (1.12-1.50) | 1.14 (0.78-1.66) | 1.34 (1.02-1.76) | 1.48 (1.19-1.85) | .007 |
Values are medians (ranges) for plasma TFA concentration or adjusted PR (95% CIs).
Abbreviations: HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; TFA, trans-fatty acid.
P values are presented for difference across the quintiles of TFA concentrations. All tests were 2-tailed and based on Satterthwaite adjusted F test.
M1 = adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and total energy intake.
M2 = in addition to M1, adjusted for educational attainment, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, statin use, diabetes status, and HEI-2010.
M3 = in addition to M2, adjusted for total saturated fatty acids, total polyunsaturated fatty acids, and total cholesterol intakes.