TABLE 1.
Effects of mango and low‐fat cookie consumption on permeability proteins (ZO‐1, CLDN2, and OCLN) and bowel movement habits. †
| Mango | Low‐fat cookie | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 4 | Week 12 | Baseline | Week 4 | Week 12 | |
| Permeability proteins | ||||||
| ZO‐1, ng/mL | 2.54 ± 2.79 | 2.66 ± 4.25 | 3.05 ± 3.73 | 2.98 ± 5.66 | 3.20 ± 4.75 | 2.96 ± 4.52 |
| CLDN2, ng/mL | 1.39 ± 2.06 | 0.91 ± 1.00 | 1.16 ± 1.70 | 1.21 ± 1.57 | 0.96 ± 1.16 | 1.27 ± 2.46 |
| OCLN, ng/mL | 406 ± 236 | 473 ± 187 | 492 ± 203 | 472 ± 211 | 500 ± 248 | 426 ± 177 |
| Bowel movement habits | ||||||
| Frequency/day | 1.69 ± 0.75 | 1.95 ± 0.86 | 1.78 ± 0.70 | 1.73 ± 0.64 | 1.73 ± 0.75 | 1.65 ± 0.68 |
| Amount* (cups/day) | 1.10 ± 0.60a | 1.25 ± 0.73b | 1.23 ± 0.88b | 1.13 ± 0.49a,b | 1.13 ± 0.6a,b | 1.17 ± 0.72a,b |
| Consistency (Soft/Hard) | 3.47 ± 0.78 | 3.50 ± 0.75 | 3.49 ± 1.00 | 3.45 ± 0.86 | 3.44 ± 0.92 | 3.43 ± 0.85 |
| Strain | 2.23 ± 0.87 | 2.25 ± 1.04 | 2.11 ± 1.00 | 2.46 ± 0.94 | 2.26 ± 1.05 | 2.21 ± 0.86 |
| Pain | 1.51 ± 0.80 | 1.73 ± 1.10 | 1.53 ± 0.91 | 1.60 ± 1.03 | 1.70 ± 1.02 | 1.65 ± 0.87 |
| Constipation | 1.86 ± 0.96 | 2.06 ± 1.02 | 1.96 ± 1.14 | 2.11 ± 0.87 | 2.07 ± 1.18 | 1.90 ± 0.84 |
Abbreviations: CLDN2, claudin‐2; OCLN, occludin; ZO‐1, zonula occludens‐1.
†
Values are expressed as mean ± SD.
*
Superscripts of different letters denote significance at p ≤ .05.