Table 1.
Changes of animal characteristics from baseline
| Parameters | Sham + PBO (n = 7) | 5/6Nx + PBO (n = 9) | 5/6Nx + 3 mg EMPA (n = 9) | 5/6Nx + 15 mg EMPA (n = 11) | 5/6Nx + TELM (n = 7) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (change from baseline, g) | 208.57 ± 20.75* | 149.11 ± 11.60 | 149.56 ± 17.53 | 146.36 ± 7.23 | 139.71 ± 15.05 |
| Rel. kidney weight (10−2) | 0.41 ± 0.02 | 0.51 ± 0.06 | 0.55 ± 0.05 | 0.61 ± 0.03 | 0.41 ± 0.03 |
| Serum creatinine (change from baseline, μmol/L) | 5.71 ± 0.81**** | 53.78 ± 8.85 | 23.00 ± 4.94*** | 22.91 ± 2.29*** | 37.14 ± 3.46 |
| Final ACR (mg/g × 10−2) | 6.66 ± 3.83* | 61.75 ± 28.79 | 24.28 ± 7.85 | 8.48 ± 1.70* | 6.88 ± 3.10* |
| Ccr (change from baseline, mL/min) | 0.86 ± 0.28*** | −0.99 ± 0.27 | −0.11 ± 0.21 | 0.56 ± 0.18** | −0.50 ± 0.29 |
| T24 (empagliflozin, nM) | – | – | – | 23.20 ± 6.50 | – |
Body weight (change from baseline) = final body weight – baseline body weight; rel. kidney weight (relative kidney weight) = kidney weight/final body weight; ACR (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio) = urinary albumin/urine creatinine; Ccr (creatinine clearance) = [urinary creatinine (μmol/L) × urinary flow (mL/min)]/serum creatinine (μmol/L); Ccr (change from baseline) = final Ccr – baseline Ccr; T24 (empagliflozin, nM): plasma concentrations of empagliflozin after 24 h of gavage. – indicates below the minimum detection value. Values displayed are means ± SE. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001, significantly different from 5/6Nx + PBO. EMPA, empagliflozin; 5/6Nx, 5/6 nephrectomized rat model; PBO, placebo; Sham, sham operation; TELM, telmisartan.