Table 2:
Demographic and clinical characteristics in association with whether or not a smoker also resided in the household, reported as a percentage.
| Variable (number) | Smoker in House | No Smoker | Not Specified | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHILD GENDER | ||||
| Male (N=388) | 10.5% | 72.4% | 17.1% | 0.87 |
| Female (N=236) | 10.2% | 71.2% | 18.6% | |
| RECRUITMENT SITE | ||||
| NU site (N=237) | 9.0% | 76.4% | 14.6% | < .001α |
| RUMC Site (N=161) | 15.8% | 68.4% | 15.8% | |
| CNH Site (N=146) | 10.2% | 84.9% | 4.9% | |
| CCHMC Site (N=156) | 8.4% | 54.5% | 37.2% | |
| CHILD RACE AND ETHNICITY | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White Race/Ethnicity (N=321) | 3.2% | 79.3% | 17.5% | < .001β |
| Non-Hispanic Black Race/Ethnicity (N=233) | 21.8% | 62.1% | 16.1% | |
| Hispanic/Latinx Ethnicity (N=75) | 9.8% | 65.9% | 24.4% | |
| ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME | ||||
| <50K Income (N=177) | 20.2% | 59% | 20.7% | < .001γ |
| 50–150K Income (N=175) | 7.8% | 69.3% | 22.9% | |
| >150K Income (N=202) | 4.4% | 84.3% | 11.2% | |
| RESPONDENT EDUCATION | ||||
| <Bachelor’s Degree (N=61) | 26.5% | 54.4% | 19.1% | < .001δ |
| Bachelor’s Degree (N=311) | 13.0% | 69.4% | 17.6% | |
| >Bachelor’s Degree (N=236) | 3.7% | 79.1% | 11.2% | |
| COMORBID ATOPY | ||||
| Asthma (N=229) | 13.4% | 69.4% | 17.2% | 0.13 |
| No Asthma | 8.7% | 73.4% | 18% | |
| Eczema (N=493) | 10.6% | 71.9% | 17.6% | 0.88 |
| No Eczema | 9.1% | 72.9% | 18.2% | |
| Allergic Rhinitis (N=293) | 11.6% | 71.6% | 16.8% | 0.5 |
| No Allergic Rhinitis | 9.1% | 72.4% | 18.5% | |
Abbreviations: NU - Northwestern University, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago (Chicago, IL), RUMC - Rush University Medical Center (Chicago, IL), CNH - Children’s National Hospital (Washington, D.C.), CCHMC - Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (Cincinnati, OH)
p-value was calculated by ANOVA in each category. Bonferroni test was used to compare the means between each two categories to evaluate corrected p-value for each comparison.
A significantly higher percentage of participants at the RUMC site reported the presence of a smoker in the household compared to all other sites, a higher percentage of CNH participants reported a smoker in the household compared to the NU and CCHMC sites, and NU participants had a higher percentage compared to CCHMC.
A significantly higher percentage of Black participants reported the presence of a smoker in the household compared to their White and Hispanic/Latinx counterparts, and a higher percentage of Hispanic/Latinx participants reported a smoker in the household compared to White participants.
A significantly higher percentage of participants living in a household where annual income was < $50,000.00 reported the presence of a smoker in the household compared to participants from households with higher annual incomes and participants with annual household income between $50,000.00 to $150,000.00 had a higher percentage compared to participants with an annual household income > $150,000.00.
A significantly higher percentage of participants living in a household where highest level of parental education was less than a bachelor’s degree reported the presence of a smoker in the household compared to participants from households with higher parental educational attainment and those from a household where highest level of parental education was a bachelor’s degree had a higher percentage compared to participants from households where parents had education beyond a bachelor’s degree.