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. 2023 Apr 10;14:2003. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37786-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a–c Expression of prefusion-stabilizing mutations (a), fusion-enhancing mutations (b), and combinations of candidate prefusion-stabilizing mutations of S (c) relative to WT. Of note, the numerical values of fold change in median fluorescence intensity (MFI) indicate relative and not absolute fold changes in surface expression levels of S. d–f Fold change in fusion activity of candidate prefusion-stabilizing mutations (d), fusion-enhancing mutations (e), and combinations of candidate prefusion-stabilizing mutations of S (f) relative to WT at 3 h post-mixing with hACE2-expressing cells. Abbreviations for combinatorial mutations are as follows: 2P, K986P/V987P; 2PQ, K986P/V987P/D994Q; 2PR, K986P/V987P/Q1005R; 2PQR, K986P/V987P/D994Q/Q1005R. Data are from n = 3 independent replicates, and shown as mean ± standard deviation. p-values were calculated from a two-sided Welch’s t-test and are listed in the Source Data file; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.