Table 2.
Estimated proportion mediated for the effect of education on EC, BE, and GERD explained by each mediator separately.
| Exposure | Mediator | Outcome | Total effect: βc (95% CI)* | Direct effect: βa (95% CI)† | Direct effect: βb (95% CI)‡ | Mediation effect | Proportion mediated (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect size (95% CI) | P-value | |||||||
| Primary analysis | ||||||||
| EduYears | BMI | EC | −0.444 (−0.822, −0.067) | −0.171 (−0.217, −0.126) | 0.408 (0.102, 0.715) | −0.070 (−0.126, −0.014) | 1.39E-02 | 15.75 (3.20–28.29) |
| EduYears | Smoking | EC | −0.444 (−0.822, −0.067) | −0.281 (−0.342, −0.22) | 0.224 (0.022, 0.426) | −0.063 (−0.121, −0.004) | 3.49E-02 | 14.15 (1.01–27.29) |
| EduYears | BMI | BE | −0.145 (−0.282, −0.008) | −0.171 (−0.217, −0.126) | 0.131 (0.019, 0.243) | −0.022 (−0.042, −0.002) | 2.87E-02 | 15.46 (1.61–29.30) |
| EduYears | Smoking | BE | −0.145 (−0.282, −0.008) | −0.281 (−0.342, −0.220) | 0.087 (0.016, 0.158) | −0.024 (−0.045, −0.004) | 2.02E-02 | 16.85 (2.63–31.08) |
| EduYears | BMI | GERD | −0.473 (−0.546, −0.400) | −0.171 (−0.217, −0.126) | 0.144 (0.028, 0.165) | −0.025 (−0.041, −0.009) | 2.79E-03 | 5.23 (1.80–8.66) |
| EduYears | Smoking | GERD | −0.473 (−0.546, −0.400) | −0.281 (−0.342, −0.220) | 0.076 (0.033, 0.118) | −0.021 (−0.034, −0.008) | 1.11E-03 | 4.49 (1.79–7.19) |
| EduYears | MDD | GERD | −0.473 (−0.546, −0.400) | −0.232 (−0.321, −0.143) | 0.102 (0.069, 0.134) | −0.024 (−0.035, −0.012) | 9.17E-05 | 4.98 (2.48–7.48) |
| Secondary analysis | ||||||||
| College | BMI | GERD | −0.075 (−0.119, −0.030) | −0.051 (−0.07, −0.031) | 0.173 (0.062, 0.206) | −0.009 (−0.015, −0.003) | 3.22E-03 | 11.72 (3.92–19.51) |
| College | Smoking | GERD | −0.075 (−0.119, −0.030) | −0.069 (−0.097, −0.040) | 0.067 (0.025, 0.110) | −0.005 (−0.008, −0.001) | 9.43E-03 | 6.17 (1.51–10.82) |
| College | MDD | GERD | −0.075 (−0.119, −0.030) | −0.059 (−0.100, −0.018) | 0.111 (0.077, 0.144) | −0.007 (−0.012, −0.002) | 9.40E-03 | 8.77 (2.15–15.39) |
*
Total effect βc: the effect of educational attainment on the risk of EC, BE, and GERD.
†
Direct effect βa: the effect of educational attainment on the risk of modifiable risk factors.
‡
Direct effect βb: the effect of modifiable risk factors on the risk of EC, BE, and GERD after adjusting two educational attainment traits.