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. 2023 Feb 13;109(7):548–556. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321702

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Cumulative hospital healthcare costs per patient in 3 62 825 patients with heart failure (HF) from six countries. Hospital healthcare cost data were available from Canada, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the UK. Costs are in US$ per patient at index and cumulatively over a period of up to 5 years (from 2014 in Sweden, the UK and Canada; from 2015 in Spain; from 2017 in Portugal; and from 2018 in Italy). The x axis is the number of years (year 0 to 1 almost not illustrated). *For the purpose of currency conversion to US Dollars, US$1=0.77 Canadian Dollars, 1.13 Euros and 8.56 Swedish Krona. Fixed currency rates were used and variations over time were not accounted for. CKD, chronic kidney disease; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral artery disease.