Fig. 1.

Graphic abstract illustrating the construction of engineered AP-EXO target delivery to repair spinal cord injury. AP-EXO was simultaneously surface loaded with neuron targeting peptide RVG and growth-promoting peptide (ILP and ISP) via CP05 to generate AP-EXO_R&L&S. This AP-EXO-based biological scaffold enabled targeting delivery of AP-EXO_R&L&S crossing the blood-spinal cord barriers into the neurons of the injured spinal cord and boosted robust axon regeneration thus promoting motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury.