Fig. 4.

Inhibitory effects of TGI/HA-CS double network hydrogel on rats.

(A) HE ((a-e) represented the whole defects while (f-j) represented the local enlarged ones and the thickness of mature layer + hypertrophic layer was marked by the double-headed arrow), (k–o) Toluidine, (p–t) Safranin O-Fast Green and (u–y) immunohistochemical staining of ADAMTS-5 (bar = 500 or 100 μm). Quntification of (B) IL-1β and (C) TNF-α in joint tissues. ###p < 0.001 compared with the negative group. $$$p < 0.001 compared with the positive group. ***p < 0.001.