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. 2022 Sep 9;24(12):5788–5808. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.16180

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© 2022 The Authors. Environmental Microbiology published by Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Impact of host life history traits on the bacterial communities of the three Cacopsylla species visualized with nonmetric multidimensional scaling. Datapoints are coloured based on the tested life history traits. Group boundaries were drawn using the ordihull function (R package ‘vegan’). (A) Microbiome composition of C. pyri individuals along host ontogeny, generations and localities. (B) Microbiome composition of C. pyricola individuals from different localities. (C) Microbiome composition of C. pyricola individuals along host ontogeny and generations. (D) Microbiome composition of C. pyrisuga individuals along host ontogeny and seasonality. Comparison of bacterial species richness (E) and diversity (F) between immature and adult individuals of the three Cacopsylla species. Different letters indicate significant differences based on t‐tests.