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. 2022 Aug 9;25:472–484. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.07.026

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

ApoVs preferentially suppress activation of effector T cells in a dose-dependent manner. (A, B) Frequency of activated CD4+ T cells measured in vitro after 3 days with or without anti-CD3/CD28 antibody stimulation in the presence of different doses of apoVs. Representative flow cytometric analyses of CD25 expression on CD4+ T cells are shown. N = 5 per group. (C) Level of IL-2 in splenocyte culture supernatants measured by ELISA after 3 days of anti-CD3/CD28 antibody stimulation in the presence of different doses of apoVs. N = 5 per group. (D) Frequency of activated CD4+ T cells measured in vitro after 3 days with 1 μg/mL (Lo) or 10 μg/mL (Hi) anti-CD3/CD28 antibody stimulation in the presence of 0.2x apoVs. Representative flow cytometric analyses are shown. N = 3–4 per group. (E) Frequency of Th1, Th17 and Th2 of CD4+ T cells measured in vitro after 3 days with or without anti-CD3/CD28 antibody stimulation in the presence of 0.2x apoVs. N = 3 per group. (F) Levels of IFNγ, IL-17A and IL-10 in splenocyte culture supernatants measured by ELISA after 3 days of anti-CD3/CD28 antibody stimulation in the presence of 0.2x apoV. N = 3 per group. (G) Frequency of Foxp3+CD4+ T cells measured in vitro after 3 days with or without anti-CD3/CD28 antibody stimulation in the presence of 0.2x apoVs. N = 4 per group. Mann-Whitney test and student's t-test was used for comparison between two groups when appropriate. Kruskal-Wallis test and ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups when appropriate.Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. ns, not significant. *, p < 0.05. **, p < 0.01. ***, p < 0.001. ****, p < 0.0001.