Evaluation for the osteoclast differentiation of RAW 264.7 in the presence of various scaffolds. (A) CLSM images showing cytoskeleton/nucleus staining and (B) optical images showing nuclear/TRAP staining for RAW 264.7 cells induced with RANKL (shortened as RA) and further incubated with scaffolds for 5 days. (C) Quantified TRAP activity for RAW 264.7 cultured for 5 days. (D–F) Relative expressions of three osteoclastic-related genes (TRAP, MMP9, and Cathepsin K) detected by RT-PCR at day 5. *P < 0.05, significant, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001, highly significant (n = 3).