Fig. 8.

Regenerative of hyaline cartilage using nanofibrous hollow microspheres. (A) The 3D morphology of chondrocytes on nanofibrous hollow microspheres, showing that some chondrocytes migrated inside the holes. (B) The 3D morphology of chondrocytes on nanofibrous microspheres. (C) The morphology of chondrocytes on solid-interior microspheres, showing that the chondrocytes were flat and spread over a large area. (D) De novo cartilage tissue formation with the anatomical shape of a rat femoral condyle after culture for four weeks, showing that the newly formed tissue from the nanofibrous hollow microspheres. (E–P) Critical-size rabbit osteochondral defect repair eight weeks after injection. (E, I, M) the nanofibrous hollow microspheres/chondrocytes group. (F, J, N) the PEG/chondrocytes group. (G, K, O) the chondrocytes-alone group. (H, K, P) the sham control group. (I–P) safranin-O staining. The scale bars represent 1 mm in (I–L), and 100 μm in (M − P). Adapted from Ref. [88], copyright 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited.