Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Sep 16;77(12):3567–3583. doi: 10.1111/all.15505

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2022 The Authors. Allergy published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

PMC Copyright notice

IL‐4R signaling accelerates neutrophil aging. Circulating fresh neutrophils in healthy individuals can perform a variety of effector functions, including neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, degranulation, and phagocytosis. An increase in the type 2 immune cytokines interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐13 affects phenotypical and functional properties of neutrophils and accelerates their aging. Aged neutrophils lose their granularity as well as ability to perform chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and NET release, whereas they are more prone to ROS production. The functional alterations are evident in type 2 immune diseases with increased IL‐4 and IL‐13 abundance. In mild‐to‐moderate disease manifestations, neutrophil counts are reduced in the affected tissues, but are found at normal levels in the blood. In severe type 2 immune skewing (e.g., by very high systemic concentrations of IL‐4), neutrophil counts can be reduced in blood and tissues.