TABLE 3.
Risk of gout among new users of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors compared to new users of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors in the intention‐to‐treat and at‐treatment analyses in propensity‐score‐weighted and matched cohorts
| SGLT2 inhibitor cohort | DPP‐4 inhibitor cohort a | SGLT2 inhibitor cohort | DPP‐4 inhibitor cohort | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted analysis | Matched analysis | |||
| Intention‐to‐treat analysis | ||||
| Gout, n (%) | 79 (0.58) | 50 (0.33) | 46 (0.53) | 39 (0.45) |
| Number of patients | 13 617 | 15 424 | 8646 | 8646 |
| Total person‐years of follow‐up | 26 066 | 25 177 | 15 836 | 14 553 |
| Crude incidence rate/1000 person‐years | 3.03 | 2.00 | 2.90 | 2.68 |
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.53 (0.93‐2.51) P = 0.091 | 1.09 (0.71‐1.67) P = 0.693 | ||
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) b | 1.53 (0.95‐2.45) P = 0.080 | 1.10 (0.71‐1.68) P = 0.676 | ||
| At‐treatment analysis | ||||
| Gout, n (%) | 46 (0.34) | 35 (0.23) | 28 (0.32) | 32 (0.37) |
| Number of patients | 13 617 | 15 424 | 8646 | 8646 |
| Total person‐years of follow‐up | 18 359 | 19 021 | 10 807 | 11 419 |
| Crude incidence rate/1000 person years | 2.51 | 1.86 | 2.59 | 2.80 |
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.35 (0.85‐2.14) P = 0.198 | 0.92 (0.55‐1.53) P = 0.751 | ||
| Adjusted HR (95% CI) b | 1.33 (0.85‐2.09) P = 0.215 | 0.92 (0.55‐1.53) P = 0.752 | ||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DPP‐4, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4; HR, hazard ratio; IQR, interquartile range; PS, propensity score; SGLT2, sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2.
a
Pseudo‐cohort of DPP‐4 inhibitor new users weighted using PS (weight = PS/[1 – PS]).
b
Adjusted for covariates that were imbalanced between the SGLT2 inhibitor and DPP‐4 inhibitor cohorts after PS matching (current use of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 agonists).