FIGURE 5.

Association between butyrate level, abundance of the major butyrate producers (Clostridium sensu stricto, E. rectale, A. hallii and F. prausnitzii), R. bromii at 360 days and atopic dermatitis (AD) during the first year of life. (A) Correlation between the butyrate level, abundance based on qPCR of the major butyrate producers and R. bromii using Spearman correlation with Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment for multiple comparison (n = 64). (B) Butyrate level and the (C) proportion of children with AD by the combination of the abundance of the 3 major butyrate producers at 360 days (E. rectale, A. hallii and F. prausnitzii) and R. bromii. Children were categorized into mutually exclusive 4 groups; those with low abundance of both butyrate producers and R. bromii (n = 40), low R. bromii and high butyrate producers (n = 9), high R. bromii and low butyrate producers (n = 9), and a group having both at high levels (n = 8), using the 75‐percentile value of the abundance of the sum of the 3 butyrate producers and R. bromii (7.06 and 7.71 log10 cells/g feces, respectively) as a cut‐off. *p‐values for (B) were derived by Dunn test with Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment and for (C) were derived by logistic regression using the both low category as reference