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. 2022 Aug 16;64(1):4–15. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13678

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© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Possible mechanisms linking ADHD/ASD and depression. ADHD and ASD may be linked with depression due to: (1) An artefact of shared symptoms or medication side effects (see Figure 2); (2) shared genetic and environmental risks between ADHD/ASD and depression; (3) direct causal effects of ADHD/ASD on depression; (4) indirect effects via social‐environmental stressors; and/or (5) ADHD/ASD and depression both being associated with a third disorder or difficulty [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]