Table 2. Relationships between the expression of DKK1 and clinicopathological characteristics in non-small cell lung cancer patients (n=92).
| Parameters | DKK1 positive (n=51) | DKK1 negative (n=41) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70 (40–92) | 70 (48–82) | 0.832 |
| Sex (male/female) | 33/18 | 27/14 | 0.909 |
| Preoperative CEA (ng/mL) | 3 (0–30) | 3 (0–51) | 0.922 |
| Histology (Ad/Sq/others) | 42/7/2 | 27/12/2 | 0.171 |
| pT (Tis-2/3, 4) | 41/10 | 38/3 | 0.093 |
| pN (0–1/2) | 50/1 | 38/3 | 0.211 |
| Lymphatic vessel invasion (ly0/1) | 41/10 | 32/9 | 0.783 |
| Venous invasion (v0/1) | 48/3 | 38/3 | 0.782 |
| Pleural invasion (pl0/1–3) | 47/4 | 39/2 | 0.567 |
| pStage (0–II/III, IV) | 44/7 | 33/8 | 0.455 |
Continuous values are shown as the median (range), whereas categorical values are shown as the total number. Tis, carcinoma in situ. T1, tumor greatest dimension is ≤3 cm, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura, without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus. T2, tumor >3 cm but ≤5 cm or with any of the following features: involves main bronchus, invades visceral pleura, or is associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region but does not involve the entire lung. T3, tumor >5 cm but ≤7 cm or with any of the following features: directly invades parietal pleura, chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), phrenic nerve, or pericardium; or separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe. T4, tumor >7 cm or one that invades any of the following: diaphragm, mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, spine or carina; or separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe. N0, no regional lymph node metastasis. N1, metastasis in ipsilateral, peribronchial, and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes and intrapulmonary nodes, including involvement by direct extension. N2, metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph node(s). ly0, no lymphatic vessel invasion. ly1, lymphatic vessel invasion. v0, no venous invasion. v1, venous invasion. pl0, no pleural invasion. pl1, tumor histologically invade the external elastic layer of visceral pleura but does not reach outer surface of the visceral pleura. pl2, tumor is histologically exposed on the pleural surface. pl3, tumor histologically invades any of the following: chest wall, diaphragm, mediastinum, or adjacent lobe. DKK1, Dickkopf-1; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; Ad, adenocarcinoma; Sq, squamous cell carcinoma.