Table 4.

Summary of molecular studies for Strongyloides stercoralis

Genetic marker	Type of PCRa	Sample typeb	Type of study	References
18S	cPCR	Fecal	•Cross sectional	[93]
			•Molecular technique	[21]
			•Cross sectional	[94]
			•Prospective	[95]
			•Cross sectional	[96]
		Larva	•Case report	[97]
			•Cross sectional	[98]
			•Case report	[99]
			•Molecular technique	[40]
			•Cross sectional and phylogenetics	[100]
			•Cross sectional and phylogenetics	[101]
			•Cross sectional, phylogenetics, and genetic diversity	[42]
			•Cross sectional, phylogenetics, and genetic diversity	[102]
			•Phylogenetics	[103]
			•Cross sectional and genetic diversity	[104]
			•Case report	[105]
			•Cross sectional and phylogenetics	[106]
			•Cross sectional and phylogenetics	[107]
		Serum	•Cross sectional	[47]
	Multiplex cPCR	Larva	•Molecular technique	[108]
	RT-PCR	Fecal	•Cross sectional	[109]
			•Cross sectional	[110]
			•Cross sectional	[111]
			•Cross sectional	[112]
			•Cross sectional	[113]
	Multiplex RT-PCR	Larva	•Molecular technique	[114]
	LAMP	Urine	•Molecular technique	[52]
	cPCR, Illumina	Fecal	•Cross sectional, phylogenetics, molecular technique	[115]
	cPCR, RT-PCR, Illumina	Fecal	•Cross sectional, phylogenetics, genotyping	[116]
28S	cPCR	Larva	•Cross sectional and phylogenetics	[101]
	RT-PCR	Fecal	•Molecular technique	[117]
	LAMP	Larva	•Molecular technique	[118]
ITS1	Nested PCR	Fecal	•Cross sectional	[119]
		Larva	•Cross sectional	[120]
	Multiplex cPCR	Fecal	•Case report	[121]
Repetitive elements	RT-PCR, Illumina	Larva	•Molecular technique	[122]
MSP	cPCR	Larva	•Cross sectional and phylogenetics	[101]
12S	cPCR	Larva	•Phylogenetics	[123]
	Illumina	Larva	•DNA metabarcoding	[51]
16S	cPCR	Larva	•Phylogenetics	[123]
	Illumina	Larva	•DNA metabarcoding	[51]
COI	cPCR	Larva	•Cross sectional and phylogenetics	[100]
			•Case report	[99]
			•Cross sectional and phylogenetics	[101]
			•Cross sectional, phylogenetics, and genetic diversity	[42]
			•Cross sectional, phylogenetics, and genetic diversity	[102]
			•Phylogenetics	[124]
			•Case report	[105]
			•Cross sectional and phylogenetics	[106]
		Serum	•Cross sectional	[47]
	Nested PCR	Fecal	•Phylogenetics and genetic diversity	[41]
	cPCR, Illumina	Fecal	•Cross sectional, phylogenetics, molecular technique	[115]
			•Cross sectional, phylogenetics, genotyping	[116]
Metagenome	Illumina	Cerebrospinal fluid	•Case report	[50]
		Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid	•Cross sectional	[49]
			•Cross-sectional	[48]
Whole genome	Illumina	Larva	•Genomics	[125]
			•Cross sectional and phylogenetics	[106]
			•Phylogenetics and genomics	[126]

^aRT-PCR real-time PCR, cPCR conventional PCR

^bThe fecal sample type indicates that molecular detection was performed directly from the fecal sample, while the larva sample type indicates that Strongyloides larvae were first isolated from the fecal sample and molecular identification was performed using the isolated larvae