. 2023 Apr 5;200:104795. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104795

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics and correlations between variables.

	M (SD)	1	2	3	4	M (SD)
1. Opportunities for social interaction	3.5 (0.9)	-	.303***	.183***	.111*	2.1 (1.0)
2. Emotional engagement	3.0 (0.8)	.349***	-	.610***	.225***	3.2 (0.8)
3. Behavioral engagement	3.6 (0.9)	.189***	.569***	-	.276***	3.6 (0.8)
4. Self-directed study time (h)	3.0 (4.0)	.053	.134**	.237***	-	2.1 (2.7)

Note. Results for 2020 are presented below, and results for 2021 are presented above the diagonal.

*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.