Table 1.
Baseline description of included studies.
| First author, year | Country | Time period | COVID (before/ during) | Age (Year) | Gender (F/M) | Partner (Yes/No) | Specialty | Burnout tool | Sample size | Number of burnout | Nursing Burnout Rate 95% CI | Quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mavrovounis G, 2022 | Greece | 2021 | during | NR | NR | NR | NR | MBI-HSS | 140 | 97 | 0.69 (0.61–0.77) | 7 |
| Dos Santos MA, 2022 | Brazil | Jun.-Aug. 2020 | during | 36.4 | 508/ 64 | NR | NR | MBI | 572 | 99 | 0.17 (0.14–0.20) | 6 |
| Noh EY, 2022 | South Korea | 2021 | during | 27.6 | 143/ 18 | 12/ 149 | NR | CBI | 161 | 90 | 0.56 (0.48–0.64) | 6 |
| Kamali M, 2022 | Iran | 2020 | during | NR | NR | NR | NR | MBI | 4409 | 904 | 0.12 (0.11–0.13) | 8 |
| Zakaria N, 2022 | Malaysia | Aug.-Nov. 2019 | before | 36.9 | NR | 2023/ 395 | NR | MBI | 2418 | 590 | 0.24 (0.23–0.26) | 8 |
| Thumm EB, 2022 | US | 2017 | before | 47.6 | NR | NR | Obstetrics | MBI | 2333 | 933 | 0.40 (0.38–0.42) | 8 |
| Khan Y, 2022 | Belgium | 2020 | during | 39.7 | 3823/ 729 | NR | Multiple specialties | MBI | 4552 | 3205 | 0.70 (0.69–0.71) | 7 |
| Feleke DG, 2022 | Ethiopia | 2020 | during | 20–49 | 206/ 162 | 157/ 211 | Multiple specialties | MBI-HSS | 368 | 207 | 0.56 (0.51–0.61) | 7 |
| Tan KH, 2022 | Singapore | 2019–2020 | before | NR | NR | NR | NR | MBI-HSS | 3032 | 1072 | 0.45 (0.43–0.47) | 6 |
| Membrive-Jimenez MJ, 2022 | Spain | 2021 | during | NR | 50/ 36 | 71/ 15 | Multiple specialties | MBI | 86 | 29 | 0.34 (0.24–0.44) | 7 |
| Azoulay E, 2021 | France | Oct. 30- Dec. 1, 2020 | during | NR | NR | NR | ICU | MBI | 412 | 194 | 0.47 (0.42–0.52) | 7 |
| Zhou LL, 2021 | China | Sept.-Oct, 2020 | during | 20–55 | 1133/ 0 | 604/ 529 | NR | MBI | 1133 | 682 | 0.60 (0.57–0.63) | 7 |
| Li YX, 2021 | China | Dec. 2020-May 2021 | during | NR | 2831/ 137 | 2273/ 695 | Multiple specialties | MBI | 2968 | 2095 | 0.71 (0.69–0.72) | 8 |
| Ferry AV, 2021 | UK | Jun. 2020 | during | NR | NR | NR | NR | CBI | 286 | 245 | 0.86 (0.82–0.90) | 6 |
| Butera S, 2021 | Belgium | Apr. 2020 | during | NR | NR | NR | ICU | MBI | 1149 | 770 | 0.67 (0.64–0.70) | 7 |
| Kakemam E, 2021 | Iran | Sept.-Nov. 2020 | during | NR | 746/ 258 | 688/ 316 | NR | MBI | 1004 | 316 | 0.31 (0.29–034) | 8 |
| Nishimura Y, 2021 | Japan | 2020 | during | NR | NR | NR | Multiple specialties | MBI | 21 | 5 | 0.24 (0.09–0.39) | 7 |
| Zhang XN, 2021 | China | 2020 | during | 28 | 141/ 39 | 123/ 57 | Multiple specialties | MBI-GS | 180 | 27 | 0.15 (0.10–0.20) | 7 |
| Alves MCEC, 2021 | Brazil | Mar.-Apr. 2018 | before | 39.0 | 92/ 30 | 79/ 43 | ICU | MBI | 122 | 23 | 0.19 (0.12–0.27) | 7 |
| Nicholls M, 2021 | New Zealand | 9 Mar.− 3 Apr. 2020 | before | NR | NR | NR | ED | CBI | 711 | 489 | 0.69 (0.65–0.72) | 7 |
| Moller G, 2021 | Brazil | Oct. 2018-Mar. 2019 | before | 37.3 | 53/ 9 | 33/ 29 | ICU | MBI | 62 | 3 | 0.05 (0.01–0.14) | 8 |
| Aragao NSC, 2021 | Brazil | Jul.-Nov. 2016 | before | 33.9 | 59/ 6 | 36/ 27 | ICU | MBI | 56 | 30 | 0.54 (0.40–0.67) | 8 |
| Rubin B, 2021 | Canada | 27 Nov. 2018–31 Jan. 2019 | before | NR | 206/ 31 | NR | Multiple specialties | WBI | 242 | 188 | 0.78 (0.72–0.83) | 8 |
| Magalhaes AMM, 2021 | Brazil | Aug.-Sept. 2020 | before | NR | NR | NR | Multiple specialties | MBI | 161 | 28 | 0.17 (0.12–0.24) | 7 |
| Slusarz R, 2021 | Poland | Jan.2019-Feb. 2020 | before | NR | 196/ 10 | 145/ 61 | Surgery | Self-report questionnaire | 206 | 66 | 0.32 (0.26–0.39) | 8 |
| Dyrbye LN, 2021 | US | Dec. 2016 | before | 51.6 | 894/ 82 | 713/ 263 | Multiple specialties | MBI | 976 | 350 | 0.36 (0.33–0.39) | 8 |
| Butera S, 2021 | Belgium | Jan. 2020 | before | NR | NR | NR | ICU | MBI | 283 | 145 | 0.51 (0.45–0.57) | 7 |
| Kumar A, 2021 | India | Dec. 2019 | before | NR | 104/ 21 | 42/ 83 | ICU | Questionnaire | 125 | 47 | 0.38 (0.29–0.47) | 8 |
| Simonetti M, 2021 | Chile | 2017–2018 | before | 31.6 | 1204/ 191 | NR | Multiple specialties | MBI | 1395 | 484 | 0.35 (0.33–0.38) | 8 |
| Abraham CM, 2021 | UK | 2018–2019 | before | 49.5 | 358/ 38 | 315/ 81 | Multiple specialties | MBI | 396 | 100 | 0.25 (0.21–0.29) | 8 |
| Friganovic A, 2021 | Croatia | 2017 | before | 19–62 | 544/ 76 | 316/ 304 | ICU | MBI | 620 | 72 | 0.12 (0.09–0.15) | 8 |
| De la Fuente-Solana EI, 2021 | Spain | 2019–2020 | before | NR | 73/ 22 | 59/ 36 | Pediatric care | MBI-HSS | 95 | 36 | 0.38 (0.28–0.48) | 7 |
| Paiva BSR, 2021 | Brazil | 2017–2018 | before | 26–46 | 297/ 26 | 184/ 120 | Oncology | MBI-HSS | 305 | 4 | 0.01 (0.00–0.02) | 8 |
| Zakaria MI, 2021 | Malaysia | 2020 | before | NR | NR | NR | ED | MBI | 142 | 31 | 0.22 (0.15–0.29) | 6 |
| Quijada-Martinez PJ, 2021 | Venezuela | 2019 | before | 24–70 | 36/ 4 | 17/ 23 | ICU | MBI | 40 | 9 | 0.23 (0.10–0.36) | 7 |
| Ribeiro EKDA, 2021 | Brazil | 2018 | before | NR | 73/ 10 | 42/ 41 | ICU | MBI | 83 | 12 | 0.14 (0.07–0.21) | 7 |
| De la Fuente-solana EI, 2021 | Spain | 2019 | before | 22–64 | 118/ 32 | 45/ 105 | Obstetrics | MBI | 150 | 42 | 0.28 (0.21–0.35) | 7 |
| Belay AS, 2021 | Ethiopia | 2018 | before | 21–36 | 144/ 138 | 106/ 176 | NR | MBI-HSS | 282 | 96 | 0.34 (0.28–0.40) | 7 |
| Vitale E, 2020 | Italy | Jul. -Aug. 2019 | before | 37.0 | 229/ 71 | NR | NR | MBI-HSS | 300 | 148 | 0.49 (0.44–0.55) | 8 |
| Clark RRS, 2020 | US | 2015 | before | 47.8 | 1531/ 7 | NR | Obstetrics | MBI | 1538 | 381 | 0.25 (0.23–0.27) | 8 |
| Balinbin CBV, 2020 | Philippines | Aug.-Nov. 2017 | before | 30.57 | 84/ 37 | 42/ 79 | Surgery | PROQOL | 121 | 34 | 0.28 (0.20–0.37) | 8 |
| Zeng LN,2020 | China | Oct.-Dec.2017 | before | 32.6 | 1167/ 282 | 908/ 541 | Psychiatry Department | MBI-GS | 1449 | 867 | 0.60 (0.57–0.62) | 8 |
| Tsou MT, 2020 | China | Dec.2018-Mar. 2019 | before | 35.2 | 1685/ 73 | NR | Multiple specialties | MBI-HSS | 1758 | 113 | 0.06 (0.05–0.08) | 8 |
| Rudman A, 2020 | Sweden | 2017–2018 | before | NR | 2225/ 198 | NR | NR | NR | 2423 | 299 | 0.12 (0.11–0.12) | 8 |
| Alvares MEM, 2020 | Brazil | 2011–2013 | before | 28–45 | 109/ 16 | 63/ 62 | ICU | MBI-HSS | 125 | 49 | 0.39 (0.30–0.48) | 7 |
| Jones GAL, 2020 | UK | 2018 | before | NR | 1131/ 63 | NR | ICU | MBI | 1194 | 594 | 0.50 (0.47–0.53) | 8 |
| Vevodova S, 2020 | Czech Republic | 2018 | before | 21–51 | 230/ 20 | NR | NR | MBI | 250 | 96 | 0.38 (0.32–0.44) | 8 |
| Mohammad KI, 2020 | Jordan | 2018 | before | 21–50 | NR | 238/ 83 | Obstetrics | CBI | 321 | 121 | 0.38 (0.33–0.43) | 8 |
| Harizanova S, 2020 | Bulgaria | 2014–2015 | before | 30–52 | 206/ 8 | 136/ 78 | NR | MBI | 214 | 18 | 0.08 (0.04–0.12) | 8 |
| das Merces MC, 2020 | Brazil | 2017–2018 | before | 27–47 | 989/ 136 | 519/ 606 | Multiple specialties | MBI | 1125 | 206 | 0.18 (0.16–0.20) | 8 |
| Portero de la Cruz S, 2020 | Spain | 2016 | before | 39–56 | 125/ 46 | 39/ 132 | ED | MBI | 171 | 14 | 0.08 (0.04–0.12) | 8 |
| Kapu AN, 2019 | US | Jan.-Feb. 2018 | before | 38.0 | 390/ 35 | NR | NR | MBI | 433 | 114 | 0.26 (0.22–0.31) | 7 |
| Ramirez-Baena L, 2019 | Spain | 2017 | before | 22–61 | 214/ 87 | 223/ 50 | NR | MBI | 301 | 109 | 0.36 (0.31–0.41) | 7 |
| Zhang WY, 2019 | China | Jul. 2016-Jul. 2017 | before | NR | 49,898/ 1508 | 34,015/ 16538 | NR | MBI | 51,406 | 25,703 | 0.50 (0.49–0.50) | 8 |
| Arimon-Pages E, 2019 | Spain | 2015 | before | 28–51 | 256/ 41 | NR | Oncology | ProQOL | 297 | 60 | 0.20 (0.15–0.25) | 8 |
| Berry S, 2019 | UK | 2014 | before | 26–47 | NR | NR | Internal medicine | MBI-HSS | 137 | 12 | 0.09 (0.04–0.14) | 7 |
| Nobre DFR, 2019 | Portugal | 2015 | before | NR | 15/ 17 | NR | ED | CBI | 32 | 22 | 0.69 (0.53–0.85) | 5 |
| Chico-Barba G, 2019 | Mexico | 2016–2018 | before | NR | 168/ 0 | 103/ 65 | NR | MBI | 168 | 33 | 0.20 (0.14–0.26) | 8 |
| Card EB, 2019(Card, 2019)3433323130 | US | 2014 | before | NR | 2729/ 108 | NR | Surgery | MBI | 2837 | 1474 | 0.52 (0.50–0.54) | 8 |
| Selamu M, 2019 | Ethiopia | 2014 | before | NR | NR | NR | NR | MBI-HSS | 75 | 30 | 0.40 (0.29–0.51) | 8 |
| Vasconcelos EM, 2018 | Brazil | Jul. 2014 | before | 30.82 | 81/ 10 | 34/ 57 | ICU | MBI | 91 | 13 | 0.14 (0.08–0.23) | 8 |
| Daniel A, 2018 | US | May-Jun. 2017 | before | 24–80 | 228/ 43 | NR | Multiple specialties | A 10-item survey | 371 | 73 | 0.20 (0.16–0.24) | 7 |
| See KC, 2018 | Asian multi-country | 2015–2016 | before | NR | NR | NR | ICU | MBI-HSS | 3100 | 1611 | 0.52 (0.50–0.54) | 7 |
| Sobral RC, 2018 | Brazil | 2013 | before | NR | 250/ 25 | NR | NR | MBI-HSS | 281 | 16 | 0.06 (0.03–0.09) | 8 |
| Wentzel DL, 2018 | South Africa | 2016–2017 | before | 23–65 | 81/ 2 | 39/ 44 | Oncology | ProQOL | 83 | 51 | 0.61 (0.51–0.71) | 8 |
| Sillero A, 2018 | Spain | 2014 | before | 21–65 | 119/ 11 | 75/ 55 | Surgery | MBI | 130 | 53 | 0.41 (0.33–0.49) | 6 |
| Bhagavathula A, 2018 | Ethiopia | 2016 | before | NR | NR | NR | NR | MBI-HSS | 169 | 23 | 0.14 (0.09–0.19) | 7 |
| Vermeir P, 2018 | Belgium | 2015 | before | 30–45 | NR | NR | ICU | MBI | 299 | 9 | 0.03 (0.01–0.05) | 7 |
| Fumis RRL, 2017 | Brazil | Aug.-Sept.2015 | before | NR | NR | NR | Multiple specialties | MBI | 191 | 44 | 0.23 (0.17–0.30) | 7 |
| Creedy DK, 2017 | Australia | Sept.2014 | before | NR | NR | NR | Obstetrics | MBI | 978 | 72 | 0.07 (0.06–0.09) | 7 |
| De la Fuente-Solana EI, 2017 | Spain | 2015 | before | NR | 70/ 31 | 74/ 27 | Oncology | MBI | 101 | 30 | 0.30 (0.21–0.39) | 7 |
| Merces MDC, 2016 | Brazil | 2015–2016 | before | NR | 183/ 6 | NR | Multiple specialties | MBI | 189 | 20 | 0.11 (0.07–0.15) | 8 |
| Henriksen L, 2016 | Norway | 2014 | before | 40–59 | NR | 511/ 87 | Obstetrics | CBI | 598 | 119 | 0.20 (0.17–0.23) | 7 |
| Biksegn A, 2016 | Ethiopia | 2013 | before | NR | NR | NR | NR | MBI-HSS | 237 | 120 | 0.51 (0.45–0.57) | 7 |
| Muliira RS, 2016 | Uganda | 2012–2014 | before | 27–41 | 178/ 46 | 123/ 101 | Obstetrics | ProQOL | 224 | 23 | 0.10 (0.06–0.14) | 8 |
| Abdo SAM, 2016 | Egypt | 2012–2013 | before | 20–53 | NR | NR | ED | MBI | 284 | 76 | 0.27 (0.22–0.32) | 8 |
| Jang I, 2016 | Korea | 2013 | before | NR | 285/ 0 | 95/ 190 | Oncology | ProQOL | 285 | 70 | 0.25 (0.20–0.30) | 7 |
| Maruyama A, 2016 | Japan | 2010–2011 | before | 24–48 | NR | NR | NR | MBI | 523 | 117 | 0.22 (0.18–0.26) | 8 |
| Markwell P, 2015 | US | 2013 | before | NR | 147/ 8 | NR | Multiple specialties | ProQOL | 158 | 40 | 0.25 (0.18–0.32) | 7 |
| Berger J, 2015 | US | 2014 | before | NR | 231/ 5 | NR | Pediatric care | NR | 239 | 70 | 0.29 (0.23–0.35) | 7 |
| Mangoulia P, 2015 | Greece | 2010–2011 | before | 29–45 | 122/ 52 | 98/ 76 | Internal medicine | ProQOL | 174 | 86 | 0.49 (0.42–0.56) | 6 |
| Hegney D, 2015 | Australia | 2013 | before | NR | 1487/ 121 | NR | NR | ProQOL | 1608 | 405 | 0.25 (0.23–0.27) | 7 |
| das Silva JLL, 2015 | Brazil | 2010–2011 | before | 28–41 | 65/ 65 | NR | Multiple specialties | MBI | 130 | 72 | 0.55 (0.46–0.64) | 7 |
| Ferreira Ndo N, 2015 | Brazil | 2011 | before | 28–48 | 452/ 82 | 300/ 234 | NR | MBI-HSS | 534 | 32 | 0.06 (0.04–0.08) | 7 |
| Dolan ED, 2015 | US | 2012 | before | NR | NR | NR | Multiple specialties | MBI | 1380 | 549 | 0.40 (0.37–0.43) | 8 |
| Ariapooran S, 2014 | Iran | 2013 | before | 25–39 | 67/ 106 | 143/ 30 | NR | ProQOL | 173 | 26 | 0.15 (0.10–0.20) | 7 |
| Ribeiro VF, 2014 | Brazil | 2012 | before | NR | 16/ 3 | NR | Surgery | MBI | 188 | 19 | 0.10 (0.06–0.14) | 6 |
| Yatasa YN, 2014 | Ethiopia | 2013 | before | NR | 116/ 59 | 58/ 117 | NR | MBI-HSS | 175 | 33 | 0.19 (0.13–0.25) | 8 |
| Raftopoulos V, 2012 | Cyprus | 2010–2011 | before | NR | 1189/ 282 | 1127/ 337 | Multiple specialties | MBI | 1482 | 190 | 0.13 (0.11–0.15) | 7 |
| Mohammadpoorasl A, 2012 | Iran | 2010 | before | 27–42 | 613/ 99 | 505/ 207 | NR | MBI | 712 | 156 | 0.22 (0.19–0.25) | 6 |
ProQOL: Professional Quality of Life; ICU: Intensive Care Units; ED: Emergency Department; MBI: Maslach Burnout Inventory; MBI-HSS: Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey; WBI: MBI-GS: Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey; Well- Being Index; SBI: Spanish Burnout Inventory; CBI: Copenhagen Burnout Inventory; NR: Not Reported