Table 2.

Risk factors for PTB in lung cancer patients.

Variables	Crude HR (95% CI)	P-value	AHR (95% CI)	P-value
Sex
Male vs. Female	2.4(2.1-2.7)	<0.01	2.0(1.7-2.4)	<0.01
Age(years)
<50	Ref		Ref
50-59	1.1(0.9-1.5)	0.30	1.2(0.9-1.5)	0.27
60-69	1.5(1.2-1.9)	<0.01	1.5(1.2-1.9)	<0.01
≥70	2.3(1.9-2.9)	<0.01	2.2(1.8-2.8)	<0.01
Clinical stage
I	Ref		Ref
II	1.7(1.3-2.1)	<0.01	1.4(1.1-1.8)	0.02
III	2.0(1.7-2.3)	<0.01	1.5(1.2-1.9)	<0.01
IV	1.5(1.3-1.7)	<0.01	1.4(1.1-1.7)	<0.01
Small cell	1.5(1.2-1.8)	<0.01	1.1(0.9-1.4)	0.33
Operation, yes	0.7(0.6-0.8)	<0.01	1.1(0.9-1.3)	0.48
Chemotherapy, yes	1.2(1.1-1.3)	<0.01	1.0(0.9-1.1)	0.96
Radiation therapy, yes	1.1(1.0-1.3)	0.04	1.0(0.9-1.2)	0.74
Comorbidity
Diabetes	1.0(0.9-1.2)	0.96	0.9(0.8-1.1)	0.40
COPD	1.5(1.3-1.7)	<0.01	1.1(0.9-1.2)	0.30
Renal disease	1.1(0.8-1.4)	0.68	0.9(0.7-1.3)	0.70
Pneumoconiosis	4.8(2.9-8.1)	<0.01	2.9(1.7-4.9)	<0.01
Hypertension	0.9(0.8-1.1)	0.35	0.9(0.7-1.0)	0.04
Dyslipidemia	0.6(0.4-1.0)	0.06	0.7(0.4-1.2)	0.17
Ischemic Heart Disease	1.0(0.7-1.3)	0.80	0.9(0.6-1.2)	0.33
Cerebrovascular Disease	1.1(0.7-1.7)	0.58	1.0(0.7-1.6)	0.90
Smoking, yes	2.1(1.8-2.5)	<0.01	1.3(1.1-1.5)	<0.01