Table 2.

Descriptives and prevalence of participation and electoral exit

Participation items	Prevalence (% of sample that engaged in behaviour)	Mean	SD
Institutional participation
I worked for a party or candidate	28.5	1.57	1.09
I contacted a politician or public servant to draw attention to a social or political issue	27.8	1.49	0.93
I attended a (digital) meeting organized by a politician, party or governing body	24.9	1.54	1.09
I donated money to a political party or politician	7.9	1.15	0.56
Protest participation
I worked for a political action group (e.g., Youth for Climate)	34	1.62	1.03
I signed a petition	82.8	2.71	1.11
I participated in a demonstration, strike, blockade or occupation	28.6	1.50	0.91
I contacted a media outlet to draw attention to a social or political issue	18.2	1.28	0.69
Social media participation
I posted or shared something (status, meme, link, …) on a social or political issue on social media	72.2	2.67	1.36
I commented on something on a social or political issue on social media	63.9	2.32	1.29
I changed my profile picture on social media to express myself on a social or political issue (e.g., by using Facebook Frames)	33.1	1.59	0.99
I created a group, page or event in the context of a social or political issue on social media	8.2	1.15	0.57
I indicated that I would attend an event in the context of a social or political issue on social media	52.5	1.99	1.16
Electoral exit behaviour (past elections)
Did not vote	1	–	–
Cast blank vote	1.7	–	–
Purposely cast invalid vote	0.6	–	–