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. 2023 Apr 11:1–30. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1057/s41269-023-00297-4

Table 3.

Correlations among study variables

Variables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 Past electoral exit  − 0.02  − 0.05  − 0.05 0.13** 0.01  − 0.04  − 0.06  − 0.01
2 Political trust (outcomes) 0.66** 0.41**  − 0.55**  − 0.47  − 0.13** 0.08*  − 0.10**
3 Political trust (institutions) 0.46**  − 0.56**  − 0.44**  − 0.01 0.10**  − 0.03
4 Trust in news media  − 0.38**  − 0.28** 0.003  − 0.02  − 0.03
5 Political hopelessness 0.55**  − 0.07  − 0.23**  − 0.12**
6 Populist attitudes 0.10**  − 0.06 0.05
7 Protest 0.46** 0.69**
8 Institutional 0.55**
9 SNS participation

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01