Table 8.
Water shortages and the White Paper addressing water scarcity in the communities
| Duration of water shortages | Frequency | Percent |
| Day-zero/no water | 6 | 1 |
| Months | 40 | 6 |
| Years | 601 | 93 |
| Total | 647 | 100 |
| Water shortages | ||
| Inequality in water allocation | 52 | 8 |
| Broken infrastructure | 78 | 12 |
| Water scarcity | 6 | 1 |
| Drought | 505 | 78 |
| Total | 647 | 100 |
| Strategies to address water shortage | ||
| Bulk water distribution | 342 | 53 |
| Implement FBW policy | 227 | 35 |
| State-led approach | 65 | 10 |
| Privatise water distribution | 13 | 2 |
| Total | 647 | 100 |
| White paper 1994 | ||
| 2 L per/person per/day | 13 | 2 |
| 20 L per/person per/day | 78 | 12 |
| 25 L per/person per/day | 104 | 16 |
| 200 L per/person per/day | 394 | 61 |
| More than 200 L per/person per/day | 52 | 8 |
| No litres but a sustainable provision of water | 6 | 1 |
| Total | 647 | 100 |