TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of included studies
| Name of First Author | Year of Publication | Country | Study Design | No. of Participants | Age of Participants (years) | Intervention | Control | Follow‐up duration (weeks) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Szewczyk | 2010 | Poland | Randomised control study | 32 | 73.3 ± 9.7 | The supervised exercises were performed 3 times a day, in series of 15 repetitions; walking 3 km daily; exercising on training bikes. | Performing exercises by themselves | 9 |
| Meagher | 2011 | Ireland | Randomised control study | 35 | 71 (32–91) | Taking 10 000 steps per day. Participants were fully educated on the use of the pedometer and regular contact was maintained to address any queries, as necessary. | The control group were not asked to alter their walking activity at any point in the study, and no specific advice regarding exercise was given. | 12 |
| O'Brien | 2013 | Australia | Randomised control study | 11 | 64.9 ± 13 | An individualised exercise programme | Usual care | 12 |
| O'Brien | 2017 | Australia | Randomised control study | 59 | 71.5 ± 14.6 | A home‐based progressive resistance exercise programme | Usual care | 12 |
| Klonizakis | 2018a | United Kingdom | Randomised control study | 38 | 66.9 ± 13.9 | Usual care plus a supervised exercise programme | Usual care | 12 |
| Klonizakis | 2018b | United Kingdom | Randomised control study | 39 | 63.5 ± 12.8 | Three sessions of supervised exercise each week for 12 weeks | Usual care | 12 |
| Jonker | 2020 | United Kingdom | Randomised control study | 32 | 73 ± 4 | StepIt exercise programme | Standard care | 12 |
| Kulprachakarn | 2022 | Thailand | Randomised control study | 24 | NR | Conventional treatment plus tailored exercise training | Conventional treatment | 12 |
Abbreviation: NR, not reported.