Table 2.
Results of Applying the 3 Strategies to Data Generated Under Different Scenarios, With 
and 
| Strategy |
a
|
|
Bias | Coverage | RMSE | MCE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Missingness | ||||||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 95.0 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| MCAR | ||||||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.01 | 94.4 | 0.17 | 0.01 |
| 2 | 0.01 | 93.9 | 0.1 | 0.00 | ||
| 3 | −0.01 | 95.4 | 0.17 | 0.01 | ||
| MAR | ||||||
| 1 | −0.4 | 0 | −0.04 | 94.8 | 0.20 | 0.01 |
| 2 | −0.03 | 93.4 | 0.14 | 0.00 | ||
| 3 | 0.00 | 95.9 | 0.17 | 0.01 | ||
| 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.02 | 94.2 | 0.17 | 0.01 |
| 2 | 0.03 | 93.1 | 0.10 | 0.00 | ||
| 3 | −0.01 | 95.3 | 0.17 | 0.01 | ||
| MNAR | ||||||
| 1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.05 | 93.9 | 0.17 | 0.01 |
| 2 | 0.06 | 91.6 | 0.14 | 0.00 | ||
| 3 | −0.01 | 95.2 | 0.05 | 0.01 | ||
| 1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.04 | 94.6 | 0.17 | 0.01 |
| 2 | 0.04 | 92.2 | 0.10 | 0.00 | ||
| 3 | −0.01 | 95.4 | 0.17 | 0.01 | ||
| 1 | −0.2 | −0.2 | −0.07 | 93.1 | 0.20 | 0.01 |
| 2 | −0.07 | 89.9 | 0.14 | 0.00 | ||
| 3 | 0.01 | 95.7 | 0.05 | 0.01 | ||
| 1 | −0.4 | −0.4 | −0.19 | 82.4 | 0.26 | 0.01 |
| 2 | −0.17 | 70.4 | 0.22 | 0.00 | ||
| 3 | 0.00 | 96.9 | 0.20 | 0.01 | ||
Abbreviations: MAR, missing at random; MCAR, missing completely at random; MCE, Monte Carlo error; MNAR, missing not at random; RMSE, root mean square error; 
, target trial emulated from observed data; TTtrue, the full eligibility target trial, containing all those who are eligible.
a Average size of 
for the 7 settings of 
and 
are n = 410, 387, 415, 442, 430, 374, and 332 respectively. Average size of 
is 500. Note that the average causal effect 
was calculated from a single simulation with 
and was estimated at 2.386.