Table 4.

Estimate of the Average Causal Effect for the Palivizumab Case Study Obtained Using Strategies 2 and 3, Using an Outcome Model Controlled for Confounders and Propensity Score

Sensitivity Parameters	Trial Size	a	, %	95% CI	Mean Gestational Age, Treated	Mean Gestational Age, Untreated
N/A	1,560	−0.003	−0.3%	−0.05, 0.05	26.5	27.2
(0,0)	2,643	−0.002	−0.2%	−0.04, 0.04	26.9	27.7
(−4,0)	3,659	−0.010	−1.0%	−0.04, 0.03	26.9	25.5
(0,−4)	2,985	0.013	1.3%	−0.03, 0.05	24.2	27.7
(−4,-4)	3,964	0.006	0.6%	−0.02, 0.04	24.2	25.5

Abbreviations: ACE, average causal effect; CI, confidence interval; N/A, not applicable; , target trial emulated from observed and imputed data; , target trial emulated from observed data.

^a The ACE is expressed as a risk difference both in absolute value and in percentage risk difference The sensitivity parameters are listed in order . With sensitivity parameter (0,0), the data are assumed missing at random. In all other cases for it is assumed missing not at random. This is not applicable for , which has complete data.