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. 2023 Apr 12;43(15):2794–2802. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1100-22.2023

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Copyright © 2023 Edalati et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 2. — A, B, Frequency spectra of the EEG while listening to Duple/Triple Rhythm (A) and Quadruple Rhythm (B). The values are presented as noise subtracted and averaged across all electrodes (electrodes included in the averaging process, after removing the outer ring, are shown in bold). Top, Topographical maps averaged across participants corresponding to the triple meter frequency (1 Hz), duple meter frequency (1.5 Hz), and beat frequency (3 Hz) for Duple/Triple Rhythm (A), and to the quadruple meter frequency (0.75 Hz) and beat frequency (3 Hz) for Quadruple Rhythm (B). C, D, Violin plots depict the distribution of individual responses to the beat and meter frequencies as well as the average noise floor, for Duple/Triple Rhythm (C) and Quadruple Rhythm (D). Lines connect the beat, meter, and unrelated frequency results for each subject. The white dot and the horizontal line indicate the median and mean for each condition, respectively. Paired-samples t tests corrected for multiple comparisons showed that the amplitudes of beat- and meter-related frequencies were significantly above the average noise floor. Specifically, p = 0.0009 for triple meter frequency (1.5 Hz), p = 0.0018 for duple meter frequency (1 Hz), and p = 0.0013 for beat frequency (3 Hz), corresponding to Duple/Triple Rhythm, and p = 0.0009 for quadruple frequency (0.75 Hz),and p = 0.0004 for beat frequency (3 Hz), corresponding to Quadruple Rhythm.